Immune Responses to SARS-CoV2 Mirror Societal Responses to COVID-19: Identifying Factors Underlying a Successful Viral Response

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The immune system was sculpted in numerous evolutionary battles to protect individuals, societies, and species from novel pathogens. During that time, it had developed highly effective strategies to cope with novel pathogenic challenges and retain immune “memory” following pathogen clearance. We found surprising parallels between person-level immune responses to the virus causing COVID-19 and the society-level responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the events which lead to a life-endangering immune cytokine storm, parallel those leading to a devastating socioeconomic crisis we termed a “social cytokine storm”. This new understanding may help explain why COVID-19, caused by a virus with no “exceptional” epidemiological capabilities, had inflicted such profound social and global toll. Understanding the set of events leading to an immunological and societal cytokine storms may aid scientists and policymakers to adopt more effective strategies that could reduce future disease morbidity and mortality, avert avoidable social cytokine storms, and minimize the socioeconomic toll. ABSTRACT: The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and societal responses to a pathogen as SARS-CoV2. Understanding the self-similarity between the health-protective measures taken to protect the individual or the society, help identify critical factors underlying the effectiveness of societal response to a pathogenic challenge. These include (1) the quick employment of adaptive-like, pathogen-specific strategies to cope with the threat including the development of “memory-like responses”; (2) enabling productive coaction and interaction within the society by employing effective decision-making processes; and (3) the quick inhibition of positive feedback loops generated by hazardous or false information. Learning from adaptive anti-pathogen immune responses, policymakers and scientists could reduce the direct damages associated with COVID-19 and avert an avoidable “social cytokine storm” with its ensuing socioeconomic damage.