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Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method

(1) Background: Mammographic breast density (MBD) and older age are classical breast cancer risk factors. Normally, MBDs are not evenly distributed in the breast, with different women having different spatial distribution and clustering patterns. The presence of MBDs makes tumors and other lesions c...

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Autores principales: Goh, Yi Ling Eileen, Lee, Zhen Yu, Lai, Christopher
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204876
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060516
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author Goh, Yi Ling Eileen
Lee, Zhen Yu
Lai, Christopher
author_facet Goh, Yi Ling Eileen
Lee, Zhen Yu
Lai, Christopher
author_sort Goh, Yi Ling Eileen
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: Mammographic breast density (MBD) and older age are classical breast cancer risk factors. Normally, MBDs are not evenly distributed in the breast, with different women having different spatial distribution and clustering patterns. The presence of MBDs makes tumors and other lesions challenging to be identified in mammograms. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the amount of MBDs—in the whole (overall), different sub-regions, and different zones of the breast using an image segmentation method; (ii) to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of MBD in different sub-regions of the breast. (2) Methods: The image segmentation method was used to quantify the overall amount of MBDs in the whole breast (overall percentage density (PD)), in 48 sub-regions (regional PDs), and three different zones (zonal PDs) of the whole breast, and the results of the amount of MBDs in 48 sub-regional PDs were further analyzed to determine its spatial distribution pattern in the breast using Moran’s I values (spatial autocorrelation). (3) Results: The overall PD showed a negative correlation with age (p = 0.008); the younger women tended to have denser breasts (higher overall PD in breasts). We also found a higher proportion (p < 0.001) of positive autocorrelation pattern in the less dense breast group than in the denser breast group, suggesting that MBDs in the less dense breasts tend to be clustered together. Moreover, we also observed that MBDs in the mature women (<65 years old) tended to be clustered in the middle zone, while in older women (>64 years old) they tended to be clustered in both the posterior and middle zones. (4) Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between the amount of MBD (overall PD in the breast) and age, and a different clustering pattern of MBDs between the older and mature women.
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spelling pubmed-82288822021-06-26 Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method Goh, Yi Ling Eileen Lee, Zhen Yu Lai, Christopher Life (Basel) Article (1) Background: Mammographic breast density (MBD) and older age are classical breast cancer risk factors. Normally, MBDs are not evenly distributed in the breast, with different women having different spatial distribution and clustering patterns. The presence of MBDs makes tumors and other lesions challenging to be identified in mammograms. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the amount of MBDs—in the whole (overall), different sub-regions, and different zones of the breast using an image segmentation method; (ii) to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of MBD in different sub-regions of the breast. (2) Methods: The image segmentation method was used to quantify the overall amount of MBDs in the whole breast (overall percentage density (PD)), in 48 sub-regions (regional PDs), and three different zones (zonal PDs) of the whole breast, and the results of the amount of MBDs in 48 sub-regional PDs were further analyzed to determine its spatial distribution pattern in the breast using Moran’s I values (spatial autocorrelation). (3) Results: The overall PD showed a negative correlation with age (p = 0.008); the younger women tended to have denser breasts (higher overall PD in breasts). We also found a higher proportion (p < 0.001) of positive autocorrelation pattern in the less dense breast group than in the denser breast group, suggesting that MBDs in the less dense breasts tend to be clustered together. Moreover, we also observed that MBDs in the mature women (<65 years old) tended to be clustered in the middle zone, while in older women (>64 years old) they tended to be clustered in both the posterior and middle zones. (4) Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between the amount of MBD (overall PD in the breast) and age, and a different clustering pattern of MBDs between the older and mature women. MDPI 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8228882/ /pubmed/34204876 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060516 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Goh, Yi Ling Eileen
Lee, Zhen Yu
Lai, Christopher
Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title_full Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title_fullStr Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title_short Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method
title_sort spatial distribution and quantification of mammographic breast density, and its correlation with bi-rads using an image segmentation method
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204876
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060516
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AT leezhenyu spatialdistributionandquantificationofmammographicbreastdensityanditscorrelationwithbiradsusinganimagesegmentationmethod
AT laichristopher spatialdistributionandquantificationofmammographicbreastdensityanditscorrelationwithbiradsusinganimagesegmentationmethod