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The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid
Mycotoxin exposure assessments through biomonitoring studies, based on the analysis of amniotic fluid, provides useful information about potential exposure of mothers and fetuses to ubiquitous toxic metabolites that are routinely found in food and the environment. In this study, amniotic fluid sampl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228883/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060409 |
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author | Gromadzka, Karolina Pankiewicz, Jakub Beszterda, Monika Paczkowska, Magdalena Nowakowska, Beata Kocyłowski, Rafał |
author_facet | Gromadzka, Karolina Pankiewicz, Jakub Beszterda, Monika Paczkowska, Magdalena Nowakowska, Beata Kocyłowski, Rafał |
author_sort | Gromadzka, Karolina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycotoxin exposure assessments through biomonitoring studies, based on the analysis of amniotic fluid, provides useful information about potential exposure of mothers and fetuses to ubiquitous toxic metabolites that are routinely found in food and the environment. In this study, amniotic fluid samples (n = 86) were collected via abdominal amniocentesis at 15–22 weeks of gestation from pregnant women with a high risk of chromosomal anomalies or genetic fetal defects detected during 1st trimester prenatal screening. These samples were analyzed for the presence of the most typical Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins, with a focus on aflatoxins, ochratoxins and trichothecenes, using the LC-FLD/DAD method. The results showed that the toxin was present in over 75% of all the tested samples and in 73% of amniotic fluid samples from fetuses with genetic defects. The most frequently identified toxins were nivalenol (33.7%) ranging from <LOQ to 4037.6 ng/mL, and aflatoxins (31.4%), including aflatoxin G1, ranging from <LOQ to 0.4 ng/mL. Ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol were identified in 26.7% and 27.9% of samples, respectively. Bearing in mind the above, the detection of mycotoxin levels in amniotic fluid is useful for the estimation of overall risk characterization with an attempt to link the occurrence of fetal abnormalities with exposure to mycotoxins in utero. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8228883 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82288832021-06-26 The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid Gromadzka, Karolina Pankiewicz, Jakub Beszterda, Monika Paczkowska, Magdalena Nowakowska, Beata Kocyłowski, Rafał Toxins (Basel) Article Mycotoxin exposure assessments through biomonitoring studies, based on the analysis of amniotic fluid, provides useful information about potential exposure of mothers and fetuses to ubiquitous toxic metabolites that are routinely found in food and the environment. In this study, amniotic fluid samples (n = 86) were collected via abdominal amniocentesis at 15–22 weeks of gestation from pregnant women with a high risk of chromosomal anomalies or genetic fetal defects detected during 1st trimester prenatal screening. These samples were analyzed for the presence of the most typical Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins, with a focus on aflatoxins, ochratoxins and trichothecenes, using the LC-FLD/DAD method. The results showed that the toxin was present in over 75% of all the tested samples and in 73% of amniotic fluid samples from fetuses with genetic defects. The most frequently identified toxins were nivalenol (33.7%) ranging from <LOQ to 4037.6 ng/mL, and aflatoxins (31.4%), including aflatoxin G1, ranging from <LOQ to 0.4 ng/mL. Ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol were identified in 26.7% and 27.9% of samples, respectively. Bearing in mind the above, the detection of mycotoxin levels in amniotic fluid is useful for the estimation of overall risk characterization with an attempt to link the occurrence of fetal abnormalities with exposure to mycotoxins in utero. MDPI 2021-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8228883/ /pubmed/34207874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060409 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gromadzka, Karolina Pankiewicz, Jakub Beszterda, Monika Paczkowska, Magdalena Nowakowska, Beata Kocyłowski, Rafał The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title | The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title_full | The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title_fullStr | The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title_full_unstemmed | The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title_short | The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid |
title_sort | presence of mycotoxins in human amniotic fluid |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228883/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060409 |
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