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Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE
Flowers are defined as short shoots that carry reproductive organs. In Cactaceae, this term acquires another meaning, since the flower is interpreted as a branch with a perianth at the tip, with all reproductive organs embedded within the branch, thus giving way to a structure that has been called a...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061134 |
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author | Rosas-Reinhold, Isaura Piñeyro-Nelson, Alma Rosas, Ulises Arias, Salvador |
author_facet | Rosas-Reinhold, Isaura Piñeyro-Nelson, Alma Rosas, Ulises Arias, Salvador |
author_sort | Rosas-Reinhold, Isaura |
collection | PubMed |
description | Flowers are defined as short shoots that carry reproductive organs. In Cactaceae, this term acquires another meaning, since the flower is interpreted as a branch with a perianth at the tip, with all reproductive organs embedded within the branch, thus giving way to a structure that has been called a “flower shoot”. These organs have long attracted the attention of botanists and cactologists; however, the understanding of the morphogenetic processes during the development of these structures is far from clear. In this review, we present and discuss some classic flower concepts used to define floral structures in Cactaceae in the context of current advances in flower developmental genetics and evolution. Finally, we propose several hypotheses to explain the origin of these floral shoot structures in cacti, and we suggest future research approaches and methods that could be used to fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the ontogenetic origin of the “flower” in the cactus family. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8228900 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82289002021-06-26 Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE Rosas-Reinhold, Isaura Piñeyro-Nelson, Alma Rosas, Ulises Arias, Salvador Plants (Basel) Review Flowers are defined as short shoots that carry reproductive organs. In Cactaceae, this term acquires another meaning, since the flower is interpreted as a branch with a perianth at the tip, with all reproductive organs embedded within the branch, thus giving way to a structure that has been called a “flower shoot”. These organs have long attracted the attention of botanists and cactologists; however, the understanding of the morphogenetic processes during the development of these structures is far from clear. In this review, we present and discuss some classic flower concepts used to define floral structures in Cactaceae in the context of current advances in flower developmental genetics and evolution. Finally, we propose several hypotheses to explain the origin of these floral shoot structures in cacti, and we suggest future research approaches and methods that could be used to fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the ontogenetic origin of the “flower” in the cactus family. MDPI 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8228900/ /pubmed/34204904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061134 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rosas-Reinhold, Isaura Piñeyro-Nelson, Alma Rosas, Ulises Arias, Salvador Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title | Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title_full | Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title_fullStr | Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title_full_unstemmed | Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title_short | Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE |
title_sort | blurring the boundaries between a branch and a flower: potential developmental venues in cactaceae |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061134 |
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