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Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear

The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in foot measurements of Ecuadorian children according to their geographical location of residence, taking into account climatic differences (1). A total of 1662 children (2) participated in the study. Three groups were established: coast, mo...

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Autores principales: Martin-Casado, Laura, Barquín, Christian, Aldana-Caballero, Alberto, Marcos-Tejedor, Felix, Aguado, Xavier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060459
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author Martin-Casado, Laura
Barquín, Christian
Aldana-Caballero, Alberto
Marcos-Tejedor, Felix
Aguado, Xavier
author_facet Martin-Casado, Laura
Barquín, Christian
Aldana-Caballero, Alberto
Marcos-Tejedor, Felix
Aguado, Xavier
author_sort Martin-Casado, Laura
collection PubMed
description The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in foot measurements of Ecuadorian children according to their geographical location of residence, taking into account climatic differences (1). A total of 1662 children (2) participated in the study. Three groups were established: coast, mountains and amazonia. The type of footwear (3) used was recorded and the lengths, widths, perimeters, heights and angles of both (4) feet were analyzed with a 3D foot digitizer (5). The variable ‘fitting of the foot to footwear’ was also obtained. Children living in coastal areas presented greater lengths, widths, perimeters and heights compared to those living in the mountain (p > 0.001) and amazonia (p < 0.001) between ages 5 to 13. Mountain residents showed a greater first toe angle than coast residents (p > 0.001) aged 8 to 17. Children used shoes smaller than required by their foot length (p < 0.01). Ecuadorian children from the coast presented longer and wider feet with higher foot arches, whilst those from mountains presented greater first toe angle. The studied sample used footwear up to one size smaller than the size corresponding to their foot length. The fitting and type of footwear used according to climatic differences could be interfering with normal foot development.
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spelling pubmed-82296462021-06-26 Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear Martin-Casado, Laura Barquín, Christian Aldana-Caballero, Alberto Marcos-Tejedor, Felix Aguado, Xavier Children (Basel) Article The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in foot measurements of Ecuadorian children according to their geographical location of residence, taking into account climatic differences (1). A total of 1662 children (2) participated in the study. Three groups were established: coast, mountains and amazonia. The type of footwear (3) used was recorded and the lengths, widths, perimeters, heights and angles of both (4) feet were analyzed with a 3D foot digitizer (5). The variable ‘fitting of the foot to footwear’ was also obtained. Children living in coastal areas presented greater lengths, widths, perimeters and heights compared to those living in the mountain (p > 0.001) and amazonia (p < 0.001) between ages 5 to 13. Mountain residents showed a greater first toe angle than coast residents (p > 0.001) aged 8 to 17. Children used shoes smaller than required by their foot length (p < 0.01). Ecuadorian children from the coast presented longer and wider feet with higher foot arches, whilst those from mountains presented greater first toe angle. The studied sample used footwear up to one size smaller than the size corresponding to their foot length. The fitting and type of footwear used according to climatic differences could be interfering with normal foot development. MDPI 2021-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8229646/ /pubmed/34072798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060459 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Martin-Casado, Laura
Barquín, Christian
Aldana-Caballero, Alberto
Marcos-Tejedor, Felix
Aguado, Xavier
Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title_full Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title_fullStr Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title_full_unstemmed Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title_short Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear
title_sort environmental factors as a cause of differences in the feet of ecuadorian children and its relation to their footwear
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060459
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