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Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure

Currently the only effective measure against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of approved vaccines against TBE, rare cases of vaccine failures are well documented. Both host- and virus-related factors can account for such failures. In this work, we studied the...

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Autores principales: Tuchynskaya, Ksenia, Volok, Viktor, Illarionova, Victoria, Okhezin, Egor, Polienko, Alexandra, Belova, Oxana, Rogova, Anastasia, Chernokhaeva, Liubov, Karganova, Galina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061172
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author Tuchynskaya, Ksenia
Volok, Viktor
Illarionova, Victoria
Okhezin, Egor
Polienko, Alexandra
Belova, Oxana
Rogova, Anastasia
Chernokhaeva, Liubov
Karganova, Galina
author_facet Tuchynskaya, Ksenia
Volok, Viktor
Illarionova, Victoria
Okhezin, Egor
Polienko, Alexandra
Belova, Oxana
Rogova, Anastasia
Chernokhaeva, Liubov
Karganova, Galina
author_sort Tuchynskaya, Ksenia
collection PubMed
description Currently the only effective measure against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of approved vaccines against TBE, rare cases of vaccine failures are well documented. Both host- and virus-related factors can account for such failures. In this work, we studied the influence of mouse strain and sex and the effects of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression on the efficacy of an inactivated TBE vaccine. We also investigated how an increased proportion of non-infectious particles in the challenge TBE virus would affect the protectivity of the vaccine. The vaccine efficacy was assessed by mortality, morbidity, levels of viral RNA in the brain of surviving mice, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the vaccine strain and the challenge virus. Two-dose vaccination protected most animals against TBE symptoms and death, and protectivity depended on strain and sex of mice. Immunosuppression decreased the vaccine efficacy in a dose-dependent manner and changed the vaccine-induced NAb spectrum. The vaccination protected mice against TBE virus neuroinvasion and persistence. However, viral RNA was detected in the brain of some asymptomatic animals at 21 and 42 dpi. Challenge with TBE virus enriched with non-infectious particles led to lower NAb titers in vaccinated mice after the challenge but did not affect the protective efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-82297992021-06-26 Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure Tuchynskaya, Ksenia Volok, Viktor Illarionova, Victoria Okhezin, Egor Polienko, Alexandra Belova, Oxana Rogova, Anastasia Chernokhaeva, Liubov Karganova, Galina Microorganisms Article Currently the only effective measure against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of approved vaccines against TBE, rare cases of vaccine failures are well documented. Both host- and virus-related factors can account for such failures. In this work, we studied the influence of mouse strain and sex and the effects of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression on the efficacy of an inactivated TBE vaccine. We also investigated how an increased proportion of non-infectious particles in the challenge TBE virus would affect the protectivity of the vaccine. The vaccine efficacy was assessed by mortality, morbidity, levels of viral RNA in the brain of surviving mice, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the vaccine strain and the challenge virus. Two-dose vaccination protected most animals against TBE symptoms and death, and protectivity depended on strain and sex of mice. Immunosuppression decreased the vaccine efficacy in a dose-dependent manner and changed the vaccine-induced NAb spectrum. The vaccination protected mice against TBE virus neuroinvasion and persistence. However, viral RNA was detected in the brain of some asymptomatic animals at 21 and 42 dpi. Challenge with TBE virus enriched with non-infectious particles led to lower NAb titers in vaccinated mice after the challenge but did not affect the protective efficacy. MDPI 2021-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8229799/ /pubmed/34072340 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061172 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tuchynskaya, Ksenia
Volok, Viktor
Illarionova, Victoria
Okhezin, Egor
Polienko, Alexandra
Belova, Oxana
Rogova, Anastasia
Chernokhaeva, Liubov
Karganova, Galina
Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title_full Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title_fullStr Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title_short Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure
title_sort experimental assessment of possible factors associated with tick-borne encephalitis vaccine failure
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061172
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