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Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses

Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogeneti...

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Autores principales: Sandlund, Liv, Mor, Sunil K., Singh, Vikash K., Padhi, Soumesh K., Phelps, Nicholas B. D., Nylund, Stian, Mikalsen, Aase B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205093
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061063
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author Sandlund, Liv
Mor, Sunil K.
Singh, Vikash K.
Padhi, Soumesh K.
Phelps, Nicholas B. D.
Nylund, Stian
Mikalsen, Aase B.
author_facet Sandlund, Liv
Mor, Sunil K.
Singh, Vikash K.
Padhi, Soumesh K.
Phelps, Nicholas B. D.
Nylund, Stian
Mikalsen, Aase B.
author_sort Sandlund, Liv
collection PubMed
description Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogenetic similarities to totiviruses; however, their genomes also includes additional coding sequences in either 5′ or 3′ ends expected to relate to more advanced infection mechanisms in more advanced hosts. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and discovered three new toti-like viruses, one in wild common carp and one in bluegill from the USA and one in farmed lumpsucker from Norway. These are named common carp toti-like virus 1 (CCTLV-1), bluegill toti-like virus 1 (BGTLV-1), and Cyclopterus lumpus toti-like virus (CLuTLV), respectively. The genomes of these viruses have been characterized and compared to the three previously known piscine toti-like viruses, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) found in Atlantic salmon and the two from golden shiner, now named golden shiner toti-like virus 1 and 2 (GSTLV-1 and -2), and also to totiviruses and other toti-like viruses. We found that four piscine toti-like viruses had additional gene(s) in the 3′ end of the genome, and also clustered phylogenetically based on both capsid and RdRp-genes. This cluster constituted a distant branch in the Totiviridae, and we suggest this should be defined as a separate genus named Pistolvirus, to reflect this major cluster of piscine toti-like viruses. The remaining two piscine toti-like viruses differentiated from these by lacking any additional 3′ end genes and also by phylogenetical relation, but were both clustering with arthropod viruses in two different clusters.
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spelling pubmed-82299452021-06-26 Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses Sandlund, Liv Mor, Sunil K. Singh, Vikash K. Padhi, Soumesh K. Phelps, Nicholas B. D. Nylund, Stian Mikalsen, Aase B. Viruses Article Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogenetic similarities to totiviruses; however, their genomes also includes additional coding sequences in either 5′ or 3′ ends expected to relate to more advanced infection mechanisms in more advanced hosts. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and discovered three new toti-like viruses, one in wild common carp and one in bluegill from the USA and one in farmed lumpsucker from Norway. These are named common carp toti-like virus 1 (CCTLV-1), bluegill toti-like virus 1 (BGTLV-1), and Cyclopterus lumpus toti-like virus (CLuTLV), respectively. The genomes of these viruses have been characterized and compared to the three previously known piscine toti-like viruses, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) found in Atlantic salmon and the two from golden shiner, now named golden shiner toti-like virus 1 and 2 (GSTLV-1 and -2), and also to totiviruses and other toti-like viruses. We found that four piscine toti-like viruses had additional gene(s) in the 3′ end of the genome, and also clustered phylogenetically based on both capsid and RdRp-genes. This cluster constituted a distant branch in the Totiviridae, and we suggest this should be defined as a separate genus named Pistolvirus, to reflect this major cluster of piscine toti-like viruses. The remaining two piscine toti-like viruses differentiated from these by lacking any additional 3′ end genes and also by phylogenetical relation, but were both clustering with arthropod viruses in two different clusters. MDPI 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8229945/ /pubmed/34205093 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sandlund, Liv
Mor, Sunil K.
Singh, Vikash K.
Padhi, Soumesh K.
Phelps, Nicholas B. D.
Nylund, Stian
Mikalsen, Aase B.
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title_full Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title_fullStr Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title_short Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
title_sort comparative molecular characterization of novel and known piscine toti-like viruses
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205093
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061063
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