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Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study

Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be rul...

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Autores principales: Bochnia, Mandy, Ziegler, Jörg, Glatter, Maren, Zeyner, Annette
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060381
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author Bochnia, Mandy
Ziegler, Jörg
Glatter, Maren
Zeyner, Annette
author_facet Bochnia, Mandy
Ziegler, Jörg
Glatter, Maren
Zeyner, Annette
author_sort Bochnia, Mandy
collection PubMed
description Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.
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spelling pubmed-82300992021-06-26 Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study Bochnia, Mandy Ziegler, Jörg Glatter, Maren Zeyner, Annette Toxins (Basel) Communication Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well. MDPI 2021-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8230099/ /pubmed/34073628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060381 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Bochnia, Mandy
Ziegler, Jörg
Glatter, Maren
Zeyner, Annette
Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title_full Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title_fullStr Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title_short Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
title_sort hypoglycin a in cow’s milk—a pilot study
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060381
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