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Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Aim: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has predictable, cyclic, psychological, and somatic symptoms, such as sleep problems. They result in functional impairment, are aggravated in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and are resolved by menstruation. The present study evaluated the in...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201084 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126192 |
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author | Lin, Pai-Cheng Ko, Chih-Hung Lin, Yen-Ju Yen, Ju-Yu |
author_facet | Lin, Pai-Cheng Ko, Chih-Hung Lin, Yen-Ju Yen, Ju-Yu |
author_sort | Lin, Pai-Cheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aim: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has predictable, cyclic, psychological, and somatic symptoms, such as sleep problems. They result in functional impairment, are aggravated in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and are resolved by menstruation. The present study evaluated the insomnia, inattention, and fatigue symptoms of PMDD and their fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Methods: A total of 100 women were diagnosed as having PMDD based on psychiatric interviews and a prospective investigation of three menstrual cycles. A total of 96 individuals without PMDD were recruited as controls. Their symptoms, namely insomnia, inattention, and fatigue as well as functional impairment were assessed by using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool, the Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale, the attention and performance self-assessment scale, and the fatigue-assessment scale during both premenstrual and follicular phases. Results: In both the premenstrual and follicular phases, women with PMDD experienced more severe insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue than did women in the control group. A paired t-test demonstrated that women with PMDD had more severe severity insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. A repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the interaction period of PMDD and a menstrual cycle was significantly associated with insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue. A further correlation analysis demonstrated that all three symptoms were positively associated with self-reported functional impairment due to PMDD. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that women with PMDD experienced an exacerbation of insomnia, memory problems, difficulty maintaining focus, and fatigue in the premenstrual phase. These symptoms are correlated with PMDD symptoms severity and functional impairment, and as such, they should be evaluated, and interventions should be employed in the late luteal phase of women with PMDD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8230179 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82301792021-06-26 Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Lin, Pai-Cheng Ko, Chih-Hung Lin, Yen-Ju Yen, Ju-Yu Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Aim: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has predictable, cyclic, psychological, and somatic symptoms, such as sleep problems. They result in functional impairment, are aggravated in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and are resolved by menstruation. The present study evaluated the insomnia, inattention, and fatigue symptoms of PMDD and their fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Methods: A total of 100 women were diagnosed as having PMDD based on psychiatric interviews and a prospective investigation of three menstrual cycles. A total of 96 individuals without PMDD were recruited as controls. Their symptoms, namely insomnia, inattention, and fatigue as well as functional impairment were assessed by using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool, the Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale, the attention and performance self-assessment scale, and the fatigue-assessment scale during both premenstrual and follicular phases. Results: In both the premenstrual and follicular phases, women with PMDD experienced more severe insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue than did women in the control group. A paired t-test demonstrated that women with PMDD had more severe severity insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. A repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the interaction period of PMDD and a menstrual cycle was significantly associated with insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue. A further correlation analysis demonstrated that all three symptoms were positively associated with self-reported functional impairment due to PMDD. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that women with PMDD experienced an exacerbation of insomnia, memory problems, difficulty maintaining focus, and fatigue in the premenstrual phase. These symptoms are correlated with PMDD symptoms severity and functional impairment, and as such, they should be evaluated, and interventions should be employed in the late luteal phase of women with PMDD. MDPI 2021-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8230179/ /pubmed/34201084 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126192 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lin, Pai-Cheng Ko, Chih-Hung Lin, Yen-Ju Yen, Ju-Yu Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title | Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title_full | Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title_fullStr | Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title_short | Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
title_sort | insomnia, inattention and fatigue symptoms of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201084 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126192 |
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