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Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece
Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060394 |
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author | Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki Moschandreou, Kimon Paraskevopoulou, Aikaterina Christophoridis, Christophoros Grigoriadou, Elpida Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Triantis, Theodoros M. Tsiaoussi, Vasiliki Hiskia, Anastasia |
author_facet | Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki Moschandreou, Kimon Paraskevopoulou, Aikaterina Christophoridis, Christophoros Grigoriadou, Elpida Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Triantis, Theodoros M. Tsiaoussi, Vasiliki Hiskia, Anastasia |
author_sort | Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8230288 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82302882021-06-26 Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki Moschandreou, Kimon Paraskevopoulou, Aikaterina Christophoridis, Christophoros Grigoriadou, Elpida Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Triantis, Theodoros M. Tsiaoussi, Vasiliki Hiskia, Anastasia Toxins (Basel) Article Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure. MDPI 2021-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8230288/ /pubmed/34205997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060394 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki Moschandreou, Kimon Paraskevopoulou, Aikaterina Christophoridis, Christophoros Grigoriadou, Elpida Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Triantis, Theodoros M. Tsiaoussi, Vasiliki Hiskia, Anastasia Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title | Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title_full | Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title_fullStr | Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title_full_unstemmed | Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title_short | Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece |
title_sort | cyanobacterial toxins and peptides in lake vegoritis, greece |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060394 |
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