Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiofilm Potential of Coenzyme Q(0) against Salmonella Typhimurium

Coenzyme Q(0) (CoQ(0)) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; however, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of CoQ(0) against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are unknown. Thus, we investigated the bacteriostatic and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ(0) against S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CoQ(0) against S. enterica serovars Typhimurium was 0.1–0.2 mg/mL (549–1098 µM), and CoQ(0) at MIC and 2MIC decreased viable S. Typhimurium counts below detectable limits within 6 and 4 h, respectively. CoQ(0) at 20MIC (4 mg/mL) reduced S. Typhimurium on raw chicken by 1.5 log CFU/cm(3) within 6 h. CoQ(0) effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity and induced morphological changes in the cell, resulting in hyperpolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentrations, and cellular constituents leakage. Biofilm-associated S. Typhimurium cells were killed by CoQ(0) treatment. These findings suggest that CoQ(0) could be applied as a natural antibacterial substance for use against S. Typhimurium by the food industry.