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Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced to control bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other infectious agents. Sand fly larvae develop and feed on a microbe-rich substrate, and the hematophagous females are exposed to additional pathogens. We focused on understanding the role of the AMPs attacin (Att...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061271 |
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author | Telleria, Erich Loza Tinoco-Nunes, Bruno Leštinová, Tereza de Avellar, Lívia Monteiro Tempone, Antonio Jorge Pitaluga, André Nóbrega Volf, Petr Traub-Csekö, Yara Maria |
author_facet | Telleria, Erich Loza Tinoco-Nunes, Bruno Leštinová, Tereza de Avellar, Lívia Monteiro Tempone, Antonio Jorge Pitaluga, André Nóbrega Volf, Petr Traub-Csekö, Yara Maria |
author_sort | Telleria, Erich Loza |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced to control bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other infectious agents. Sand fly larvae develop and feed on a microbe-rich substrate, and the hematophagous females are exposed to additional pathogens. We focused on understanding the role of the AMPs attacin (Att), cecropin (Cec), and four defensins (Def1, Def2, Def3, and Def4) in Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. Larvae and adults were collected under different feeding regimens, in addition to females artificially infected by Leishmania infantum. AMPs’ gene expression was assessed by qPCR, and gene function of Att and Def2 was investigated by gene silencing. The gene knockdown effect on bacteria and parasite abundance was evaluated by qPCR, and parasite development was verified by light microscopy. We demonstrate that L. longipalpis larvae and adults trigger AMPs expression during feeding, which corresponds to an abundant presence of bacteria. Att and Def2 expression were significantly increased in Leishmania-infected females, while Att suppression favored bacteria growth. In conclusion, L. longipalpis AMPs’ expression is tuned in response to bacteria and parasites but does not seem to interfere with the Leishmania cycle. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8230673 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82306732021-06-26 Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania Telleria, Erich Loza Tinoco-Nunes, Bruno Leštinová, Tereza de Avellar, Lívia Monteiro Tempone, Antonio Jorge Pitaluga, André Nóbrega Volf, Petr Traub-Csekö, Yara Maria Microorganisms Article Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced to control bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other infectious agents. Sand fly larvae develop and feed on a microbe-rich substrate, and the hematophagous females are exposed to additional pathogens. We focused on understanding the role of the AMPs attacin (Att), cecropin (Cec), and four defensins (Def1, Def2, Def3, and Def4) in Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. Larvae and adults were collected under different feeding regimens, in addition to females artificially infected by Leishmania infantum. AMPs’ gene expression was assessed by qPCR, and gene function of Att and Def2 was investigated by gene silencing. The gene knockdown effect on bacteria and parasite abundance was evaluated by qPCR, and parasite development was verified by light microscopy. We demonstrate that L. longipalpis larvae and adults trigger AMPs expression during feeding, which corresponds to an abundant presence of bacteria. Att and Def2 expression were significantly increased in Leishmania-infected females, while Att suppression favored bacteria growth. In conclusion, L. longipalpis AMPs’ expression is tuned in response to bacteria and parasites but does not seem to interfere with the Leishmania cycle. MDPI 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8230673/ /pubmed/34207941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061271 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Telleria, Erich Loza Tinoco-Nunes, Bruno Leštinová, Tereza de Avellar, Lívia Monteiro Tempone, Antonio Jorge Pitaluga, André Nóbrega Volf, Petr Traub-Csekö, Yara Maria Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title | Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title_full | Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title_fullStr | Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title_full_unstemmed | Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title_short | Lutzomyia longipalpis Antimicrobial Peptides: Differential Expression during Development and Potential Involvement in Vector Interaction with Microbiota and Leishmania |
title_sort | lutzomyia longipalpis antimicrobial peptides: differential expression during development and potential involvement in vector interaction with microbiota and leishmania |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061271 |
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