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Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a major treatment for lung cancer. Better understanding of the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed to better treat it with this type of therapy. In this review, we describe and expl...

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Autores principales: Chi, Alexander, He, Xia, Hou, Lin, Nguyen, Nam P., Zhu, Guangying, Cameron, Robert B., Lee, Jay M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122924
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author Chi, Alexander
He, Xia
Hou, Lin
Nguyen, Nam P.
Zhu, Guangying
Cameron, Robert B.
Lee, Jay M.
author_facet Chi, Alexander
He, Xia
Hou, Lin
Nguyen, Nam P.
Zhu, Guangying
Cameron, Robert B.
Lee, Jay M.
author_sort Chi, Alexander
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a major treatment for lung cancer. Better understanding of the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed to better treat it with this type of therapy. In this review, we describe and explore how NSCLC’s TIME relates to response to ICB, as well as how to treat those with unresponsive types of TIME, which will significantly impact future research in lung cancer immunotherapy. ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with checkpoint inhibitors has led to significant and durable response in a subset of patients with advanced stage EGFR and ALK wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has been consistently shown to be correlated with the unique characteristics of each patient’s tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), including the composition and distribution of the tumor immune cell infiltrate; the expression of various checkpoints by tumor and immune cells, such as PD-L1; and the presence of various cytokines and chemokines. In this review, the classification of various types of TIME that are present in NSCLC and their correlation with response to ICB in NSCLC are discussed. This is conducted with a focus on the characteristics and identifiable biomarkers of different TIME subtypes that may also be used to predict NSCLC’s clinical response to ICB. Finally, treatment strategies to augment response to ICB in NSCLC with unresponsive types of TIME are explored.
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spelling pubmed-82308202021-06-26 Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Chi, Alexander He, Xia Hou, Lin Nguyen, Nam P. Zhu, Guangying Cameron, Robert B. Lee, Jay M. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a major treatment for lung cancer. Better understanding of the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed to better treat it with this type of therapy. In this review, we describe and explore how NSCLC’s TIME relates to response to ICB, as well as how to treat those with unresponsive types of TIME, which will significantly impact future research in lung cancer immunotherapy. ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with checkpoint inhibitors has led to significant and durable response in a subset of patients with advanced stage EGFR and ALK wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has been consistently shown to be correlated with the unique characteristics of each patient’s tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), including the composition and distribution of the tumor immune cell infiltrate; the expression of various checkpoints by tumor and immune cells, such as PD-L1; and the presence of various cytokines and chemokines. In this review, the classification of various types of TIME that are present in NSCLC and their correlation with response to ICB in NSCLC are discussed. This is conducted with a focus on the characteristics and identifiable biomarkers of different TIME subtypes that may also be used to predict NSCLC’s clinical response to ICB. Finally, treatment strategies to augment response to ICB in NSCLC with unresponsive types of TIME are explored. MDPI 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8230820/ /pubmed/34208113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122924 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chi, Alexander
He, Xia
Hou, Lin
Nguyen, Nam P.
Zhu, Guangying
Cameron, Robert B.
Lee, Jay M.
Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title_full Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title_fullStr Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title_full_unstemmed Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title_short Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer’s Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
title_sort classification of non-small cell lung cancer’s tumor immune micro-environment and strategies to augment its response to immune checkpoint blockade
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122924
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