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Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances

Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer...

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Autores principales: Kwan, Amy, Winder, Natalie, Muthana, Munitta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230950/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208264
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128
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author Kwan, Amy
Winder, Natalie
Muthana, Munitta
author_facet Kwan, Amy
Winder, Natalie
Muthana, Munitta
author_sort Kwan, Amy
collection PubMed
description Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically “cold” tumour type. This provides an attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown to turn “cold” tumours “hot,” thereby opening a plethora of treatment opportunities. There has been a number of pre-clinical attempts to explore the use of OV in breast cancer; however, these have not led to any meaningful clinical trials. This review considers both the potential and the barriers to OV in breast cancer, namely, the limitations of monotherapy and the scope for combination therapy, improving viral delivery and challenges specific to the breast cancer population (e.g., tumour subtype, menopausal status, age).
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spelling pubmed-82309502021-06-26 Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances Kwan, Amy Winder, Natalie Muthana, Munitta Viruses Review Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically “cold” tumour type. This provides an attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown to turn “cold” tumours “hot,” thereby opening a plethora of treatment opportunities. There has been a number of pre-clinical attempts to explore the use of OV in breast cancer; however, these have not led to any meaningful clinical trials. This review considers both the potential and the barriers to OV in breast cancer, namely, the limitations of monotherapy and the scope for combination therapy, improving viral delivery and challenges specific to the breast cancer population (e.g., tumour subtype, menopausal status, age). MDPI 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8230950/ /pubmed/34208264 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kwan, Amy
Winder, Natalie
Muthana, Munitta
Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title_full Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title_fullStr Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title_full_unstemmed Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title_short Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
title_sort oncolytic virotherapy treatment of breast cancer: barriers and recent advances
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230950/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208264
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128
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