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Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances
Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208264 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128 |
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author | Kwan, Amy Winder, Natalie Muthana, Munitta |
author_facet | Kwan, Amy Winder, Natalie Muthana, Munitta |
author_sort | Kwan, Amy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically “cold” tumour type. This provides an attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown to turn “cold” tumours “hot,” thereby opening a plethora of treatment opportunities. There has been a number of pre-clinical attempts to explore the use of OV in breast cancer; however, these have not led to any meaningful clinical trials. This review considers both the potential and the barriers to OV in breast cancer, namely, the limitations of monotherapy and the scope for combination therapy, improving viral delivery and challenges specific to the breast cancer population (e.g., tumour subtype, menopausal status, age). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8230950 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82309502021-06-26 Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances Kwan, Amy Winder, Natalie Muthana, Munitta Viruses Review Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically “cold” tumour type. This provides an attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown to turn “cold” tumours “hot,” thereby opening a plethora of treatment opportunities. There has been a number of pre-clinical attempts to explore the use of OV in breast cancer; however, these have not led to any meaningful clinical trials. This review considers both the potential and the barriers to OV in breast cancer, namely, the limitations of monotherapy and the scope for combination therapy, improving viral delivery and challenges specific to the breast cancer population (e.g., tumour subtype, menopausal status, age). MDPI 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8230950/ /pubmed/34208264 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kwan, Amy Winder, Natalie Muthana, Munitta Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title | Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title_full | Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title_fullStr | Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title_full_unstemmed | Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title_short | Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances |
title_sort | oncolytic virotherapy treatment of breast cancer: barriers and recent advances |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208264 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061128 |
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