BASAN index (Body mass index, Age, Sex, Arterial hypertension and Neck circumference) predicts severe apnoea in adults living at high altitude

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)/hypopnoea syndrome is associated with serious and major multiorgan morbidities, particularly in its most severe forms. However, no severe OSA screening instruments are available for high altitude residents that enable adequate identification and clinical prioritisation of such patients. We aimed at developing a severe OSA prediction tool based on the clinical characteristics and anthropometric measurements of a clinical referral cohort living at 2640 m.a.s.l. DESIGN: Cohort-nested cross-sectional study. SETTING: Sleep laboratory for standard polysomnography (PSG) in Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: A predictive model was generated from 8718 participants referred to the PSG laboratory. Results were subsequently validated in a second cohort of 1898 participants. PRIMARY OUTCOME: To identify clinical and anthropometric variables associated with severe OSA (>30 events/hour) and to include them in a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: The significant variables that were retained with the presence of severe OSA included Body mass index (BMI), Age, Sex, Arterial hypertension and Neck circumference (BASAN). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curvefor the BASAN index was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.70) in the derivation cohort and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.69) in the validation cohort, whereby a BASAN index ≥2 had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 17% to detect severe OSA. CONCLUSION: An objectively based approach to screen for the presence of severe OSA, the BASAN index, exhibits favourable sensitivity characteristics that should enable its operational use as a screening tool in a Hispanic population with a clinical suspicion of OSA and living at high altitude.