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Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in mo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Theodoridou, Daniela, Christodoulides, Pavlos, Zakopoulou, Victoria, Syrrou, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231524/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782
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author Theodoridou, Daniela
Christodoulides, Pavlos
Zakopoulou, Victoria
Syrrou, Maria
author_facet Theodoridou, Daniela
Christodoulides, Pavlos
Zakopoulou, Victoria
Syrrou, Maria
author_sort Theodoridou, Daniela
collection PubMed
description Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype.
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spelling pubmed-82315242021-06-26 Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters Theodoridou, Daniela Christodoulides, Pavlos Zakopoulou, Victoria Syrrou, Maria Brain Sci Opinion Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype. MDPI 2021-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8231524/ /pubmed/34199166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Opinion
Theodoridou, Daniela
Christodoulides, Pavlos
Zakopoulou, Victoria
Syrrou, Maria
Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title_full Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title_fullStr Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title_full_unstemmed Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title_short Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
title_sort developmental dyslexia: environment matters
topic Opinion
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231524/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782
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