Cargando…
Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in mo...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782 |
_version_ | 1783713444278566912 |
---|---|
author | Theodoridou, Daniela Christodoulides, Pavlos Zakopoulou, Victoria Syrrou, Maria |
author_facet | Theodoridou, Daniela Christodoulides, Pavlos Zakopoulou, Victoria Syrrou, Maria |
author_sort | Theodoridou, Daniela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8231524 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82315242021-06-26 Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters Theodoridou, Daniela Christodoulides, Pavlos Zakopoulou, Victoria Syrrou, Maria Brain Sci Opinion Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual’s risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype. MDPI 2021-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8231524/ /pubmed/34199166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Opinion Theodoridou, Daniela Christodoulides, Pavlos Zakopoulou, Victoria Syrrou, Maria Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title | Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title_full | Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title_fullStr | Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title_short | Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters |
title_sort | developmental dyslexia: environment matters |
topic | Opinion |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060782 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT theodoridoudaniela developmentaldyslexiaenvironmentmatters AT christodoulidespavlos developmentaldyslexiaenvironmentmatters AT zakopoulouvictoria developmentaldyslexiaenvironmentmatters AT syrroumaria developmentaldyslexiaenvironmentmatters |