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Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors
(1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a “social stigma”, as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people’s lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychologica...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060614 |
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author | Mento, Carmela Lombardo, Clara Milazzo, Mariacristina Whithorn, Nicholas Ian Boronat-Catalá, Montserrat Almiñana-Pastor, Pedro J. Fernàndez, Cristina Sala Bruno, Antonio Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna Zoccali, Rocco Antonio |
author_facet | Mento, Carmela Lombardo, Clara Milazzo, Mariacristina Whithorn, Nicholas Ian Boronat-Catalá, Montserrat Almiñana-Pastor, Pedro J. Fernàndez, Cristina Sala Bruno, Antonio Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna Zoccali, Rocco Antonio |
author_sort | Mento, Carmela |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a “social stigma”, as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people’s lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the condition of self-perceived halitosis in adolescent subjects and adulthood. (2) Type of studies reviewed: We conducted, by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic research of the literature on PubMed and Scholar. The key terms used were halitosis, halitosis self-perception, psychological factors, breath odor and two terms related to socio-relational consequences (“Halitosis and Social Relationship” OR “Social Issue of Halitosis”). Initial research identified 3008 articles. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of publications was reduced to 38. (3) Results: According to the literature examined, halitosis is a condition that is rarely self-perceived. In general, women have a greater ability to recognize it than men. Several factors can affect the perception of the dental condition, such as socioeconomic status, emotional state and body image. (4) Conclusion and practical implication: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Among the most frequent consequences are found anxiety, reduced levels of self-esteem, misinterpretation of other people’s attitudes and embarrassment and relational discomfort that often result in social isolation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8231527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82315272021-06-26 Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors Mento, Carmela Lombardo, Clara Milazzo, Mariacristina Whithorn, Nicholas Ian Boronat-Catalá, Montserrat Almiñana-Pastor, Pedro J. Fernàndez, Cristina Sala Bruno, Antonio Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna Zoccali, Rocco Antonio Medicina (Kaunas) Review (1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a “social stigma”, as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people’s lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the condition of self-perceived halitosis in adolescent subjects and adulthood. (2) Type of studies reviewed: We conducted, by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic research of the literature on PubMed and Scholar. The key terms used were halitosis, halitosis self-perception, psychological factors, breath odor and two terms related to socio-relational consequences (“Halitosis and Social Relationship” OR “Social Issue of Halitosis”). Initial research identified 3008 articles. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of publications was reduced to 38. (3) Results: According to the literature examined, halitosis is a condition that is rarely self-perceived. In general, women have a greater ability to recognize it than men. Several factors can affect the perception of the dental condition, such as socioeconomic status, emotional state and body image. (4) Conclusion and practical implication: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Among the most frequent consequences are found anxiety, reduced levels of self-esteem, misinterpretation of other people’s attitudes and embarrassment and relational discomfort that often result in social isolation. MDPI 2021-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8231527/ /pubmed/34204752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060614 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mento, Carmela Lombardo, Clara Milazzo, Mariacristina Whithorn, Nicholas Ian Boronat-Catalá, Montserrat Almiñana-Pastor, Pedro J. Fernàndez, Cristina Sala Bruno, Antonio Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna Zoccali, Rocco Antonio Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title | Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title_full | Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title_fullStr | Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title_short | Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors |
title_sort | adolescence, adulthood and self-perceived halitosis: a role of psychological factors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060614 |
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