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Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry
KR13, a peptide triazole thiol previously established to inhibit HIV-1 infection and cause virus lysis, was evaluated by flow cytometry against JRFL Env-presenting cells to characterize induced Env and membrane transformations leading to irreversible inactivation. Transiently transfected HEK293T cel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061286 |
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author | Ang, Charles Gotuaco Carter, Erik Haftl, Ann Zhang, Shiyu Rashad, Adel A. Kutzler, Michele Abrams, Cameron F. Chaiken, Irwin M. |
author_facet | Ang, Charles Gotuaco Carter, Erik Haftl, Ann Zhang, Shiyu Rashad, Adel A. Kutzler, Michele Abrams, Cameron F. Chaiken, Irwin M. |
author_sort | Ang, Charles Gotuaco |
collection | PubMed |
description | KR13, a peptide triazole thiol previously established to inhibit HIV-1 infection and cause virus lysis, was evaluated by flow cytometry against JRFL Env-presenting cells to characterize induced Env and membrane transformations leading to irreversible inactivation. Transiently transfected HEK293T cells were preloaded with calcein dye, treated with KR13 or its thiol-blocked analogue KR13b, fixed, and stained for gp120 (35O22), MPER (10E8), 6-helix-bundle (NC-1), immunodominant loop (50-69), and fusion peptide (VRC34.01). KR13 induced dose-dependent transformations of Env and membrane characterized by transient poration, MPER exposure, and 6-helix-bundle formation (analogous to native fusion events), but also reduced immunodominant loop and fusion peptide exposure. Using a fusion peptide mutant (V504E), we found that KR13 transformation does not require functional fusion peptide for poration. In contrast, simultaneous treatment with fusion inhibitor T20 alongside KR13 prevented membrane poration and MPER exposure, showing that these events require 6-helix-bundle formation. Based on these results, we formulated a model for PTT-induced Env transformation portraying how, in the absence of CD4/co-receptor signaling, PTT may provide alternate means of perturbing the metastable Env-membrane complex, and inducing fusion-like transformation. In turn, the results show that such transformations are intrinsic to Env and can be diverted for irreversible inactivation of the protein complex. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8231586 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82315862021-06-26 Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry Ang, Charles Gotuaco Carter, Erik Haftl, Ann Zhang, Shiyu Rashad, Adel A. Kutzler, Michele Abrams, Cameron F. Chaiken, Irwin M. Microorganisms Article KR13, a peptide triazole thiol previously established to inhibit HIV-1 infection and cause virus lysis, was evaluated by flow cytometry against JRFL Env-presenting cells to characterize induced Env and membrane transformations leading to irreversible inactivation. Transiently transfected HEK293T cells were preloaded with calcein dye, treated with KR13 or its thiol-blocked analogue KR13b, fixed, and stained for gp120 (35O22), MPER (10E8), 6-helix-bundle (NC-1), immunodominant loop (50-69), and fusion peptide (VRC34.01). KR13 induced dose-dependent transformations of Env and membrane characterized by transient poration, MPER exposure, and 6-helix-bundle formation (analogous to native fusion events), but also reduced immunodominant loop and fusion peptide exposure. Using a fusion peptide mutant (V504E), we found that KR13 transformation does not require functional fusion peptide for poration. In contrast, simultaneous treatment with fusion inhibitor T20 alongside KR13 prevented membrane poration and MPER exposure, showing that these events require 6-helix-bundle formation. Based on these results, we formulated a model for PTT-induced Env transformation portraying how, in the absence of CD4/co-receptor signaling, PTT may provide alternate means of perturbing the metastable Env-membrane complex, and inducing fusion-like transformation. In turn, the results show that such transformations are intrinsic to Env and can be diverted for irreversible inactivation of the protein complex. MDPI 2021-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8231586/ /pubmed/34204725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061286 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ang, Charles Gotuaco Carter, Erik Haftl, Ann Zhang, Shiyu Rashad, Adel A. Kutzler, Michele Abrams, Cameron F. Chaiken, Irwin M. Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title | Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title_full | Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title_fullStr | Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title_full_unstemmed | Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title_short | Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus–Cell Entry |
title_sort | peptide triazole thiol irreversibly inactivates metastable hiv-1 env by accessing conformational triggers intrinsic to virus–cell entry |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061286 |
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