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Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; howe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481 |
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author | Antinori, Spinello Giacomelli, Andrea Corbellino, Mario Torre, Alessandro Schiuma, Marco Casalini, Giacomo Parravicini, Carlo Milazzo, Laura Gervasoni, Cristina Ridolfo, Anna Lisa |
author_facet | Antinori, Spinello Giacomelli, Andrea Corbellino, Mario Torre, Alessandro Schiuma, Marco Casalini, Giacomo Parravicini, Carlo Milazzo, Laura Gervasoni, Cristina Ridolfo, Anna Lisa |
author_sort | Antinori, Spinello |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; however, most European physicians are unfamiliar with its clinical and pathological picture, particularly among immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. This systematic review of all the cases of histoplasmosis reported in Europe and Israel between 2005 and 2020 identified 728 cases diagnosed in 17 European countries and Israel described in 133 articles. The vast majority were imported (mainly from Central and South America), but there were also seven autochthonous cases (six in Europe and one in Israel). The patients were prevalently males (60.4%), and their ages ranged from 2 to 86 years. The time between leaving an endemic region and the diagnosis of histoplasmosis varied from a few weeks to more than 40 years. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis was the most frequent clinical picture among people living with HIV infection (89.5%) or a different immunocompromising condition (57.1%), but it was also recorded in 6.2% of immunocompetent patients. Twenty-eight cases were caused by Histoplasma duboisii. Immunocompromised patients without HIV infection had the worst outcomes, with a mortality rate of 32%. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8231918 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82319182021-06-26 Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 Antinori, Spinello Giacomelli, Andrea Corbellino, Mario Torre, Alessandro Schiuma, Marco Casalini, Giacomo Parravicini, Carlo Milazzo, Laura Gervasoni, Cristina Ridolfo, Anna Lisa J Fungi (Basel) Review Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; however, most European physicians are unfamiliar with its clinical and pathological picture, particularly among immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. This systematic review of all the cases of histoplasmosis reported in Europe and Israel between 2005 and 2020 identified 728 cases diagnosed in 17 European countries and Israel described in 133 articles. The vast majority were imported (mainly from Central and South America), but there were also seven autochthonous cases (six in Europe and one in Israel). The patients were prevalently males (60.4%), and their ages ranged from 2 to 86 years. The time between leaving an endemic region and the diagnosis of histoplasmosis varied from a few weeks to more than 40 years. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis was the most frequent clinical picture among people living with HIV infection (89.5%) or a different immunocompromising condition (57.1%), but it was also recorded in 6.2% of immunocompetent patients. Twenty-eight cases were caused by Histoplasma duboisii. Immunocompromised patients without HIV infection had the worst outcomes, with a mortality rate of 32%. MDPI 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8231918/ /pubmed/34198597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Antinori, Spinello Giacomelli, Andrea Corbellino, Mario Torre, Alessandro Schiuma, Marco Casalini, Giacomo Parravicini, Carlo Milazzo, Laura Gervasoni, Cristina Ridolfo, Anna Lisa Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title | Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title_full | Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title_fullStr | Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title_short | Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 |
title_sort | histoplasmosis diagnosed in europe and israel: a case report and systematic review of the literature from 2005 to 2020 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481 |
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