Cargando…

Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020

Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; howe...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Antinori, Spinello, Giacomelli, Andrea, Corbellino, Mario, Torre, Alessandro, Schiuma, Marco, Casalini, Giacomo, Parravicini, Carlo, Milazzo, Laura, Gervasoni, Cristina, Ridolfo, Anna Lisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481
_version_ 1783713525548449792
author Antinori, Spinello
Giacomelli, Andrea
Corbellino, Mario
Torre, Alessandro
Schiuma, Marco
Casalini, Giacomo
Parravicini, Carlo
Milazzo, Laura
Gervasoni, Cristina
Ridolfo, Anna Lisa
author_facet Antinori, Spinello
Giacomelli, Andrea
Corbellino, Mario
Torre, Alessandro
Schiuma, Marco
Casalini, Giacomo
Parravicini, Carlo
Milazzo, Laura
Gervasoni, Cristina
Ridolfo, Anna Lisa
author_sort Antinori, Spinello
collection PubMed
description Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; however, most European physicians are unfamiliar with its clinical and pathological picture, particularly among immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. This systematic review of all the cases of histoplasmosis reported in Europe and Israel between 2005 and 2020 identified 728 cases diagnosed in 17 European countries and Israel described in 133 articles. The vast majority were imported (mainly from Central and South America), but there were also seven autochthonous cases (six in Europe and one in Israel). The patients were prevalently males (60.4%), and their ages ranged from 2 to 86 years. The time between leaving an endemic region and the diagnosis of histoplasmosis varied from a few weeks to more than 40 years. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis was the most frequent clinical picture among people living with HIV infection (89.5%) or a different immunocompromising condition (57.1%), but it was also recorded in 6.2% of immunocompetent patients. Twenty-eight cases were caused by Histoplasma duboisii. Immunocompromised patients without HIV infection had the worst outcomes, with a mortality rate of 32%.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8231918
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82319182021-06-26 Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020 Antinori, Spinello Giacomelli, Andrea Corbellino, Mario Torre, Alessandro Schiuma, Marco Casalini, Giacomo Parravicini, Carlo Milazzo, Laura Gervasoni, Cristina Ridolfo, Anna Lisa J Fungi (Basel) Review Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; however, most European physicians are unfamiliar with its clinical and pathological picture, particularly among immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. This systematic review of all the cases of histoplasmosis reported in Europe and Israel between 2005 and 2020 identified 728 cases diagnosed in 17 European countries and Israel described in 133 articles. The vast majority were imported (mainly from Central and South America), but there were also seven autochthonous cases (six in Europe and one in Israel). The patients were prevalently males (60.4%), and their ages ranged from 2 to 86 years. The time between leaving an endemic region and the diagnosis of histoplasmosis varied from a few weeks to more than 40 years. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis was the most frequent clinical picture among people living with HIV infection (89.5%) or a different immunocompromising condition (57.1%), but it was also recorded in 6.2% of immunocompetent patients. Twenty-eight cases were caused by Histoplasma duboisii. Immunocompromised patients without HIV infection had the worst outcomes, with a mortality rate of 32%. MDPI 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8231918/ /pubmed/34198597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Antinori, Spinello
Giacomelli, Andrea
Corbellino, Mario
Torre, Alessandro
Schiuma, Marco
Casalini, Giacomo
Parravicini, Carlo
Milazzo, Laura
Gervasoni, Cristina
Ridolfo, Anna Lisa
Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title_full Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title_fullStr Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title_short Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020
title_sort histoplasmosis diagnosed in europe and israel: a case report and systematic review of the literature from 2005 to 2020
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060481
work_keys_str_mv AT antinorispinello histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT giacomelliandrea histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT corbellinomario histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT torrealessandro histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT schiumamarco histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT casalinigiacomo histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT parravicinicarlo histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT milazzolaura histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT gervasonicristina histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020
AT ridolfoannalisa histoplasmosisdiagnosedineuropeandisraelacasereportandsystematicreviewoftheliteraturefrom2005to2020