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Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091 |
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author | Rabaan, Ali A. Tirupathi, Raghavendra Sule, Anupam A Aldali, Jehad Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin Koritala, Thoyaja Adhikari, Ramesh Bilal, Muhammad Dhawan, Manish Tiwari, Ruchi Mitra, Saikat Emran, Talha Bin Dhama, Kuldeep |
author_facet | Rabaan, Ali A. Tirupathi, Raghavendra Sule, Anupam A Aldali, Jehad Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin Koritala, Thoyaja Adhikari, Ramesh Bilal, Muhammad Dhawan, Manish Tiwari, Ruchi Mitra, Saikat Emran, Talha Bin Dhama, Kuldeep |
author_sort | Rabaan, Ali A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being utilized to diagnose or predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. This practice has a significant clinical utility as Ct values can be correlated with the viral load. In addition, Ct values have a strong correlation with multiple haematological and biochemical markers. However, it is essential to consider that Ct values might be affected by pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytical variables such as collection technique, specimen type, sampling time, viral kinetics, transport and storage conditions, nucleic acid extraction, viral RNA load, primer designing, real-time PCR efficiency, and Ct value determination method. Therefore, understanding the interpretation of Ct values and other influential factors could play a crucial role in interpreting viral load and disease severity. In several clinical studies consisting of small or large sample sizes, several discrepancies exist regarding a significant positive correlation between the Ct value and disease severity in COVID-19. In this context, a revised review of the literature has been conducted to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the correlations between Ct values and severity/fatality rates of patients with COVID-19. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021 by using keywords including “RT-PCR or viral load”, “SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR”, “Ct value and viral load”, “Ct value or COVID-19”. Research articles were extracted and selected independently by the authors and included in the present review based on their relevance to the study. The current narrative review explores the correlation of Ct values with mortality, disease progression, severity, and infectivity. We also discuss the factors that can affect these values, such as collection technique, type of swab, sampling method, etc. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8232180 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82321802021-06-26 Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Rabaan, Ali A. Tirupathi, Raghavendra Sule, Anupam A Aldali, Jehad Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin Koritala, Thoyaja Adhikari, Ramesh Bilal, Muhammad Dhawan, Manish Tiwari, Ruchi Mitra, Saikat Emran, Talha Bin Dhama, Kuldeep Diagnostics (Basel) Review Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being utilized to diagnose or predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. This practice has a significant clinical utility as Ct values can be correlated with the viral load. In addition, Ct values have a strong correlation with multiple haematological and biochemical markers. However, it is essential to consider that Ct values might be affected by pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytical variables such as collection technique, specimen type, sampling time, viral kinetics, transport and storage conditions, nucleic acid extraction, viral RNA load, primer designing, real-time PCR efficiency, and Ct value determination method. Therefore, understanding the interpretation of Ct values and other influential factors could play a crucial role in interpreting viral load and disease severity. In several clinical studies consisting of small or large sample sizes, several discrepancies exist regarding a significant positive correlation between the Ct value and disease severity in COVID-19. In this context, a revised review of the literature has been conducted to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the correlations between Ct values and severity/fatality rates of patients with COVID-19. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021 by using keywords including “RT-PCR or viral load”, “SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR”, “Ct value and viral load”, “Ct value or COVID-19”. Research articles were extracted and selected independently by the authors and included in the present review based on their relevance to the study. The current narrative review explores the correlation of Ct values with mortality, disease progression, severity, and infectivity. We also discuss the factors that can affect these values, such as collection technique, type of swab, sampling method, etc. MDPI 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8232180/ /pubmed/34203738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rabaan, Ali A. Tirupathi, Raghavendra Sule, Anupam A Aldali, Jehad Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin Koritala, Thoyaja Adhikari, Ramesh Bilal, Muhammad Dhawan, Manish Tiwari, Ruchi Mitra, Saikat Emran, Talha Bin Dhama, Kuldeep Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title | Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title_full | Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title_short | Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 |
title_sort | viral dynamics and real-time rt-pcr ct values correlation with disease severity in covid-19 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091 |
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