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Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19

Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being...

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Autores principales: Rabaan, Ali A., Tirupathi, Raghavendra, Sule, Anupam A, Aldali, Jehad, Mutair, Abbas Al, Alhumaid, Saad, Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin, Koritala, Thoyaja, Adhikari, Ramesh, Bilal, Muhammad, Dhawan, Manish, Tiwari, Ruchi, Mitra, Saikat, Emran, Talha Bin, Dhama, Kuldeep
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091
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author Rabaan, Ali A.
Tirupathi, Raghavendra
Sule, Anupam A
Aldali, Jehad
Mutair, Abbas Al
Alhumaid, Saad
Muzaheed,
Gupta, Nitin
Koritala, Thoyaja
Adhikari, Ramesh
Bilal, Muhammad
Dhawan, Manish
Tiwari, Ruchi
Mitra, Saikat
Emran, Talha Bin
Dhama, Kuldeep
author_facet Rabaan, Ali A.
Tirupathi, Raghavendra
Sule, Anupam A
Aldali, Jehad
Mutair, Abbas Al
Alhumaid, Saad
Muzaheed,
Gupta, Nitin
Koritala, Thoyaja
Adhikari, Ramesh
Bilal, Muhammad
Dhawan, Manish
Tiwari, Ruchi
Mitra, Saikat
Emran, Talha Bin
Dhama, Kuldeep
author_sort Rabaan, Ali A.
collection PubMed
description Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being utilized to diagnose or predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. This practice has a significant clinical utility as Ct values can be correlated with the viral load. In addition, Ct values have a strong correlation with multiple haematological and biochemical markers. However, it is essential to consider that Ct values might be affected by pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytical variables such as collection technique, specimen type, sampling time, viral kinetics, transport and storage conditions, nucleic acid extraction, viral RNA load, primer designing, real-time PCR efficiency, and Ct value determination method. Therefore, understanding the interpretation of Ct values and other influential factors could play a crucial role in interpreting viral load and disease severity. In several clinical studies consisting of small or large sample sizes, several discrepancies exist regarding a significant positive correlation between the Ct value and disease severity in COVID-19. In this context, a revised review of the literature has been conducted to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the correlations between Ct values and severity/fatality rates of patients with COVID-19. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021 by using keywords including “RT-PCR or viral load”, “SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR”, “Ct value and viral load”, “Ct value or COVID-19”. Research articles were extracted and selected independently by the authors and included in the present review based on their relevance to the study. The current narrative review explores the correlation of Ct values with mortality, disease progression, severity, and infectivity. We also discuss the factors that can affect these values, such as collection technique, type of swab, sampling method, etc.
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spelling pubmed-82321802021-06-26 Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Rabaan, Ali A. Tirupathi, Raghavendra Sule, Anupam A Aldali, Jehad Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Muzaheed, Gupta, Nitin Koritala, Thoyaja Adhikari, Ramesh Bilal, Muhammad Dhawan, Manish Tiwari, Ruchi Mitra, Saikat Emran, Talha Bin Dhama, Kuldeep Diagnostics (Basel) Review Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that several factors and variables can cause a false-negative test. In this context, cycle threshold (Ct) values are being utilized to diagnose or predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. This practice has a significant clinical utility as Ct values can be correlated with the viral load. In addition, Ct values have a strong correlation with multiple haematological and biochemical markers. However, it is essential to consider that Ct values might be affected by pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytical variables such as collection technique, specimen type, sampling time, viral kinetics, transport and storage conditions, nucleic acid extraction, viral RNA load, primer designing, real-time PCR efficiency, and Ct value determination method. Therefore, understanding the interpretation of Ct values and other influential factors could play a crucial role in interpreting viral load and disease severity. In several clinical studies consisting of small or large sample sizes, several discrepancies exist regarding a significant positive correlation between the Ct value and disease severity in COVID-19. In this context, a revised review of the literature has been conducted to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the correlations between Ct values and severity/fatality rates of patients with COVID-19. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021 by using keywords including “RT-PCR or viral load”, “SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR”, “Ct value and viral load”, “Ct value or COVID-19”. Research articles were extracted and selected independently by the authors and included in the present review based on their relevance to the study. The current narrative review explores the correlation of Ct values with mortality, disease progression, severity, and infectivity. We also discuss the factors that can affect these values, such as collection technique, type of swab, sampling method, etc. MDPI 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8232180/ /pubmed/34203738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rabaan, Ali A.
Tirupathi, Raghavendra
Sule, Anupam A
Aldali, Jehad
Mutair, Abbas Al
Alhumaid, Saad
Muzaheed,
Gupta, Nitin
Koritala, Thoyaja
Adhikari, Ramesh
Bilal, Muhammad
Dhawan, Manish
Tiwari, Ruchi
Mitra, Saikat
Emran, Talha Bin
Dhama, Kuldeep
Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title_full Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title_fullStr Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title_short Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19
title_sort viral dynamics and real-time rt-pcr ct values correlation with disease severity in covid-19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061091
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