Cargando…
The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes
Transposable elements (TEs) are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes. The increase in genomic data, as well as progress in genome annotation and molecular biology techniques, have revealed the vast number of ways mobile elements have impacted the evolution of eukaryotes. In addition to being the main cau...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060918 |
_version_ | 1783713586083790848 |
---|---|
author | Almojil, Dareen Bourgeois, Yann Falis, Marcin Hariyani, Imtiyaz Wilcox, Justin Boissinot, Stéphane |
author_facet | Almojil, Dareen Bourgeois, Yann Falis, Marcin Hariyani, Imtiyaz Wilcox, Justin Boissinot, Stéphane |
author_sort | Almojil, Dareen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transposable elements (TEs) are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes. The increase in genomic data, as well as progress in genome annotation and molecular biology techniques, have revealed the vast number of ways mobile elements have impacted the evolution of eukaryotes. In addition to being the main cause of difference in haploid genome size, TEs have affected the overall organization of genomes by accumulating preferentially in some genomic regions, by causing structural rearrangements or by modifying the recombination rate. Although the vast majority of insertions is neutral or deleterious, TEs have been an important source of evolutionary novelties and have played a determinant role in the evolution of fundamental biological processes. TEs have been recruited in the regulation of host genes and are implicated in the evolution of regulatory networks. They have also served as a source of protein-coding sequences or even entire genes. The impact of TEs on eukaryotic evolution is only now being fully appreciated and the role they may play in a number of biological processes, such as speciation and adaptation, remains to be deciphered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8232201 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82322012021-06-26 The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes Almojil, Dareen Bourgeois, Yann Falis, Marcin Hariyani, Imtiyaz Wilcox, Justin Boissinot, Stéphane Genes (Basel) Review Transposable elements (TEs) are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes. The increase in genomic data, as well as progress in genome annotation and molecular biology techniques, have revealed the vast number of ways mobile elements have impacted the evolution of eukaryotes. In addition to being the main cause of difference in haploid genome size, TEs have affected the overall organization of genomes by accumulating preferentially in some genomic regions, by causing structural rearrangements or by modifying the recombination rate. Although the vast majority of insertions is neutral or deleterious, TEs have been an important source of evolutionary novelties and have played a determinant role in the evolution of fundamental biological processes. TEs have been recruited in the regulation of host genes and are implicated in the evolution of regulatory networks. They have also served as a source of protein-coding sequences or even entire genes. The impact of TEs on eukaryotic evolution is only now being fully appreciated and the role they may play in a number of biological processes, such as speciation and adaptation, remains to be deciphered. MDPI 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8232201/ /pubmed/34203645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060918 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Almojil, Dareen Bourgeois, Yann Falis, Marcin Hariyani, Imtiyaz Wilcox, Justin Boissinot, Stéphane The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title | The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title_full | The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title_fullStr | The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title_short | The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes |
title_sort | structural, functional and evolutionary impact of transposable elements in eukaryotes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060918 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT almojildareen thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT bourgeoisyann thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT falismarcin thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT hariyaniimtiyaz thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT wilcoxjustin thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT boissinotstephane thestructuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT almojildareen structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT bourgeoisyann structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT falismarcin structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT hariyaniimtiyaz structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT wilcoxjustin structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes AT boissinotstephane structuralfunctionalandevolutionaryimpactoftransposableelementsineukaryotes |