Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Breast cancer emergencies have become a rapidly evolving field in medicine during the last ten years. Carcinogenesis is a multiparametric process that involves diverse factors such as genetic, environmental, or aging. Recent research that elucidates the tumor biology and molecular pathways that mediate cancer progression and drug resistance has led to the development of various molecular targeted therapies involving monoclonal antibodies, small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and agents that block downstream signaling pathways in breast cancer. ABSTRACT: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies.