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Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods

Periodic and adequate environmental monitoring programs are crucial to assess and reduce the occupational exposure of healthcare workers to cytostatics. The analytical methods employed should be rapid, reliable, sensitive, standardized, and include multiple compounds. A critical overview of recent o...

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Autores principales: Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca, Alves, A., Santos, Mónica S. F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060574
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author Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca
Alves, A.
Santos, Mónica S. F.
author_facet Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca
Alves, A.
Santos, Mónica S. F.
author_sort Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca
collection PubMed
description Periodic and adequate environmental monitoring programs are crucial to assess and reduce the occupational exposure of healthcare workers to cytostatics. The analytical methods employed should be rapid, reliable, sensitive, standardized, and include multiple compounds. A critical overview of recent overall procedures for surface and air contamination with cytostatics in workplace settings is presented, with a focus on sampling, sample preparation, and instrumental considerations. Limitations are also addressed and some recommendations and advice are provided. Since dermal absorption is the main exposure route, surface contamination is the preferred indicator of biological uptake and its methods have significantly improved. In contrast, cytostatics’ inhalation is rare; thus, air contamination has been poorly studied, with little improvement. Still, some elements of the analytical methods have not been extensively explored, namely: the amount of wetting solution, the extraction procedure, surface chemistry and roughness, recovery studies from specific surfaces, and cytostatics stability (in surfaces and during shipping and storage). Furthermore, complete validation data (including precision, accuracy, and instrumental and method detection limits) and estimation of global uncertainty are still lacking in most studies, thus preventing method comparison and proposal of standardized procedures.
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spelling pubmed-82326292021-06-26 Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca Alves, A. Santos, Mónica S. F. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Periodic and adequate environmental monitoring programs are crucial to assess and reduce the occupational exposure of healthcare workers to cytostatics. The analytical methods employed should be rapid, reliable, sensitive, standardized, and include multiple compounds. A critical overview of recent overall procedures for surface and air contamination with cytostatics in workplace settings is presented, with a focus on sampling, sample preparation, and instrumental considerations. Limitations are also addressed and some recommendations and advice are provided. Since dermal absorption is the main exposure route, surface contamination is the preferred indicator of biological uptake and its methods have significantly improved. In contrast, cytostatics’ inhalation is rare; thus, air contamination has been poorly studied, with little improvement. Still, some elements of the analytical methods have not been extensively explored, namely: the amount of wetting solution, the extraction procedure, surface chemistry and roughness, recovery studies from specific surfaces, and cytostatics stability (in surfaces and during shipping and storage). Furthermore, complete validation data (including precision, accuracy, and instrumental and method detection limits) and estimation of global uncertainty are still lacking in most studies, thus preventing method comparison and proposal of standardized procedures. MDPI 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8232629/ /pubmed/34204005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060574 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Portilha-Cunha, M. Francisca
Alves, A.
Santos, Mónica S. F.
Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title_full Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title_fullStr Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title_full_unstemmed Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title_short Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods
title_sort cytostatics in indoor environment: an update of analytical methods
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060574
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