Cargando…
The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that is composed of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins. Histone variants can replace ‘standard’ histones at specific sites of the genome. Thus, histone variants modulate all functions in the context of chromatin, suc...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123003 |
_version_ | 1783713698634792960 |
---|---|
author | Hsu, Chen-Jen Meers, Oliver Buschbeck, Marcus Heidel, Florian H. |
author_facet | Hsu, Chen-Jen Meers, Oliver Buschbeck, Marcus Heidel, Florian H. |
author_sort | Hsu, Chen-Jen |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that is composed of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins. Histone variants can replace ‘standard’ histones at specific sites of the genome. Thus, histone variants modulate all functions in the context of chromatin, such as gene expression. Here, we provide a concise review on a group of histone variants termed macroH2A. They contain two additional domains that contribute to their increased size. We discuss how these domains mediate molecular functions in normal cells and the role of macroH2As in gene expression and cancer. ABSTRACT: The epigenome regulates gene expression and provides a molecular memory of cellular events. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation in physiological tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation. Among epigenetic mechanisms, the replacement of replication-coupled histones with histone variants is the least understood. Due to differences in protein sequence and genomic distribution, histone variants contribute to the plasticity of the epigenome. Here, we focus on the family of macroH2A histone variants that are particular in having a tripartite structure consisting of a histone fold, an intrinsically disordered linker and a globular macrodomain. We discuss how these domains mediate different molecular functions related to chromatin architecture, transcription and DNA repair. Dysregulated expression of macroH2A histone variants has been observed in different subtypes of cancer and has variable prognostic impact, depending on cellular context and molecular background. We aim to provide a concise review regarding the context- and isoform-dependent contributions of macroH2A histone variants to cancer development and progression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8232725 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82327252021-06-26 The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer Hsu, Chen-Jen Meers, Oliver Buschbeck, Marcus Heidel, Florian H. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that is composed of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins. Histone variants can replace ‘standard’ histones at specific sites of the genome. Thus, histone variants modulate all functions in the context of chromatin, such as gene expression. Here, we provide a concise review on a group of histone variants termed macroH2A. They contain two additional domains that contribute to their increased size. We discuss how these domains mediate molecular functions in normal cells and the role of macroH2As in gene expression and cancer. ABSTRACT: The epigenome regulates gene expression and provides a molecular memory of cellular events. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation in physiological tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation. Among epigenetic mechanisms, the replacement of replication-coupled histones with histone variants is the least understood. Due to differences in protein sequence and genomic distribution, histone variants contribute to the plasticity of the epigenome. Here, we focus on the family of macroH2A histone variants that are particular in having a tripartite structure consisting of a histone fold, an intrinsically disordered linker and a globular macrodomain. We discuss how these domains mediate different molecular functions related to chromatin architecture, transcription and DNA repair. Dysregulated expression of macroH2A histone variants has been observed in different subtypes of cancer and has variable prognostic impact, depending on cellular context and molecular background. We aim to provide a concise review regarding the context- and isoform-dependent contributions of macroH2A histone variants to cancer development and progression. MDPI 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8232725/ /pubmed/34203934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123003 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hsu, Chen-Jen Meers, Oliver Buschbeck, Marcus Heidel, Florian H. The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title | The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title_full | The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title_fullStr | The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title_short | The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer |
title_sort | role of macroh2a histone variants in cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8232725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123003 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hsuchenjen theroleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT meersoliver theroleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT buschbeckmarcus theroleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT heidelflorianh theroleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT hsuchenjen roleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT meersoliver roleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT buschbeckmarcus roleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer AT heidelflorianh roleofmacroh2ahistonevariantsincancer |