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Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology

In Japan, Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed. Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies, they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties, subspecies, or species. The taxonomic position of C. japonica and C. rusticana remain unclear be...

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Autores principales: Abe, Harue, Miura, Hiroki, Motonaga, Yoshitaka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.009
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author Abe, Harue
Miura, Hiroki
Motonaga, Yoshitaka
author_facet Abe, Harue
Miura, Hiroki
Motonaga, Yoshitaka
author_sort Abe, Harue
collection PubMed
description In Japan, Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed. Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies, they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties, subspecies, or species. The taxonomic position of C. japonica and C. rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce. C. rusticana grows in snowy places, unlike C. japonica. While C. japonica displays ornithophily, C. rusticana displays entomophily. Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators, which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves. We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis, flower form, petal color, and filament color in twenty populations. Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis. We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis, which might also be caused by hybridization. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different. The petal and filament colors were also significantly different. Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group. These findings in C. japonica and C. rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.
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spelling pubmed-82335202021-06-29 Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology Abe, Harue Miura, Hiroki Motonaga, Yoshitaka Plant Divers Research Paper In Japan, Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed. Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies, they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties, subspecies, or species. The taxonomic position of C. japonica and C. rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce. C. rusticana grows in snowy places, unlike C. japonica. While C. japonica displays ornithophily, C. rusticana displays entomophily. Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators, which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves. We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis, flower form, petal color, and filament color in twenty populations. Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis. We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis, which might also be caused by hybridization. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different. The petal and filament colors were also significantly different. Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group. These findings in C. japonica and C. rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2020-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8233520/ /pubmed/34195506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.009 Text en © 2020 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Paper
Abe, Harue
Miura, Hiroki
Motonaga, Yoshitaka
Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title_full Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title_fullStr Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title_short Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
title_sort quantitative classification of camellia japonica and camellia rusticana (theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.009
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