Investigation of Sensitization Potential of the Soybean Allergen Gly m 4 by Using Caco-2/Immune Cells Co-Culture Model

The soybean allergen Gly m 4 is known to cause severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, unlike other Bet v 1 homologues, which induce mainly local allergic reactions. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the food Bet v 1 homologue Gly m 4 can be a sensitizer of the immune system. Susceptibility to gastrointestinal digestion was assessed in vitro. Transport through intestinal epithelium was estimated using the Caco-2 monolayer. Cytokine response of different immunocompetent cells was evaluated by using Caco-2/Immune cells co-culture model. Absolute levels of 48 cytokines were measured by multiplex xMAP technology. It was shown that Gly m 4 can cross the epithelial barrier with a moderate rate and then induce production of IL-4 by mature dendritic cells in vitro. Although Gly m 4 was shown to be susceptible to gastrointestinal enzymes, some of its proteolytic fragments can selectively cross the epithelial barrier and induce production of Th2-polarizing IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, which may point at the presence of the T-cell epitope among the crossed fragments. Our current data indicate that Gly m 4 can potentially be a sensitizer of the immune system, and intercommunication between immunocompetent and epithelial cells may play a key role in the sensitization process.