Synthesis of Chitosan-La(2)O(3) Nanocomposite and Its Utility as a Powerful Catalyst in the Synthesis of Pyridines and Pyrazoles

Recently, the development of nanocatalysts based on naturally occurring polysaccharides has received a lot of attention. Chitosan (CS), as a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide, is considered to be an excellent template for the design of a hybrid biopolymer-based metal oxide nanocomposite. In this case, lanthanum oxide nanoparticles doped with chitosan at different weight percentages (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% CS/La(2)O(3)) were prepared via a simple solution casting method. The prepared CS/La(2)O(3) nanocomposite solutions were cast in a Petri dish in order to produce the developed catalyst, which was shaped as a thin film. The structural features of the hybrid nanocomposite film were studied by FTIR, SEM, and XRD analytical tools. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the major characteristic peaks of chitosan, which were modified by interaction with La(2)O(3) nanoparticles. Additionally, SEM graphs showed dramatic morphological changes on the surface of chitosan, which is attributed to surface adsorption with La(2)O(3) molecules. The prepared CS/La(2)O(3) nanocomposite film (15% by weight) was investigated as an effective, recyclable, and heterogeneous base catalyst in the synthesis of pyridines and pyrazoles. The nanocomposite used was sufficiently stable and was collected and reused more than three times without loss of catalytic activity.