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Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)

The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinicopathological forms caused by currently circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates is incomplete. So far, most of the studies have been focused on isolates classified within genotypes I and II, the only genotypes that have circu...

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Autores principales: Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J., Floyd, Tobias, Hicks, Daniel, Crooke, Helen R., McCleary, Stephen, McCarthy, Ronan R., Strong, Rebecca, Dixon, Linda K., Neimanis, Aleksija, Wikström-Lassa, Emil, Gavier-Widén, Dolores, Núñez, Alejandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8234863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060768
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author Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J.
Floyd, Tobias
Hicks, Daniel
Crooke, Helen R.
McCleary, Stephen
McCarthy, Ronan R.
Strong, Rebecca
Dixon, Linda K.
Neimanis, Aleksija
Wikström-Lassa, Emil
Gavier-Widén, Dolores
Núñez, Alejandro
author_facet Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J.
Floyd, Tobias
Hicks, Daniel
Crooke, Helen R.
McCleary, Stephen
McCarthy, Ronan R.
Strong, Rebecca
Dixon, Linda K.
Neimanis, Aleksija
Wikström-Lassa, Emil
Gavier-Widén, Dolores
Núñez, Alejandro
author_sort Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J.
collection PubMed
description The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinicopathological forms caused by currently circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates is incomplete. So far, most of the studies have been focused on isolates classified within genotypes I and II, the only genotypes that have circulated outside of Africa. However, less is known about the clinical presentations and lesions induced by isolates belonging to the other twenty-two genotypes. Therefore, the early clinicopathological identification of disease outbreaks caused by isolates belonging to, as yet, not well-characterised ASFV genotypes may be compromised, which might cause a delay in the implementation of control measures to halt the virus spread. To improve the pathological characterisation of disease caused by diverse isolates, we have refined the macroscopic and histopathological evaluation protocols to standardise the scoring of lesions. Domestic pigs were inoculated intranasally with different doses (high, medium and low) of ASFV isolate Ken05/Tk1 (genotype X). To complement previous studies, the distribution and severity of macroscopic and histopathological lesions, along with the amount and distribution of viral antigen in tissues, were characterised by applying the new scoring protocols. The intranasal inoculation of domestic pigs with high doses of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate induced acute forms of ASF in most of the animals. Inoculation with medium doses mainly induced acute forms of disease. A less severe but longer clinical course, typical of subacute forms, characterised by the presence of more widespread and severe haemorrhages and oedema, was observed in one pig inoculated with the medium dose. The severity of vascular lesions (haemorrhages and oedema) induced by high and medium doses was not associated with the amount of virus antigen detected in tissues, therefore these might be attributed to indirect mechanisms not evaluated in the present study. The absence of clinical signs, lesions and detectable levels of virus genome or antigen in blood from the animals inoculated with the lowest dose ruled out the existence of possible asymptomatic carriers or persistently infected pigs, at least for the 21 days period of the study. The results corroborate the moderate virulence of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate, as well as its capacity to induce both the acute and, occasionally, subacute forms of ASF when high and medium doses were administered intranasally.
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spelling pubmed-82348632021-06-27 Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X) Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J. Floyd, Tobias Hicks, Daniel Crooke, Helen R. McCleary, Stephen McCarthy, Ronan R. Strong, Rebecca Dixon, Linda K. Neimanis, Aleksija Wikström-Lassa, Emil Gavier-Widén, Dolores Núñez, Alejandro Pathogens Article The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinicopathological forms caused by currently circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates is incomplete. So far, most of the studies have been focused on isolates classified within genotypes I and II, the only genotypes that have circulated outside of Africa. However, less is known about the clinical presentations and lesions induced by isolates belonging to the other twenty-two genotypes. Therefore, the early clinicopathological identification of disease outbreaks caused by isolates belonging to, as yet, not well-characterised ASFV genotypes may be compromised, which might cause a delay in the implementation of control measures to halt the virus spread. To improve the pathological characterisation of disease caused by diverse isolates, we have refined the macroscopic and histopathological evaluation protocols to standardise the scoring of lesions. Domestic pigs were inoculated intranasally with different doses (high, medium and low) of ASFV isolate Ken05/Tk1 (genotype X). To complement previous studies, the distribution and severity of macroscopic and histopathological lesions, along with the amount and distribution of viral antigen in tissues, were characterised by applying the new scoring protocols. The intranasal inoculation of domestic pigs with high doses of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate induced acute forms of ASF in most of the animals. Inoculation with medium doses mainly induced acute forms of disease. A less severe but longer clinical course, typical of subacute forms, characterised by the presence of more widespread and severe haemorrhages and oedema, was observed in one pig inoculated with the medium dose. The severity of vascular lesions (haemorrhages and oedema) induced by high and medium doses was not associated with the amount of virus antigen detected in tissues, therefore these might be attributed to indirect mechanisms not evaluated in the present study. The absence of clinical signs, lesions and detectable levels of virus genome or antigen in blood from the animals inoculated with the lowest dose ruled out the existence of possible asymptomatic carriers or persistently infected pigs, at least for the 21 days period of the study. The results corroborate the moderate virulence of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate, as well as its capacity to induce both the acute and, occasionally, subacute forms of ASF when high and medium doses were administered intranasally. MDPI 2021-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8234863/ /pubmed/34207265 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060768 Text en © 2021 by the Crown. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J.
Floyd, Tobias
Hicks, Daniel
Crooke, Helen R.
McCleary, Stephen
McCarthy, Ronan R.
Strong, Rebecca
Dixon, Linda K.
Neimanis, Aleksija
Wikström-Lassa, Emil
Gavier-Widén, Dolores
Núñez, Alejandro
Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title_full Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title_fullStr Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title_short Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X)
title_sort evaluation of lesions and viral antigen distribution in domestic pigs inoculated intranasally with african swine fever virus ken05/tk1 (genotype x)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8234863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060768
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