Cargando…

Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile

Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE), which in the past was also known as typhlitis or ileocecal syndrome for the segment of the gastrointestinal tract most affected, is a nosological entity that is difficult to diagnose and whose pathogenesis is not fully known to date. Initially described in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bertozzi, Giuseppe, Maiese, Aniello, Passaro, Giovanna, Tosoni, Alberto, Mirijello, Antonio, Simone, Stefania De, Baldari, Benedetta, Cipolloni, Luigi, La Russa, Raffaele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8234962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060638
_version_ 1783714204973268992
author Bertozzi, Giuseppe
Maiese, Aniello
Passaro, Giovanna
Tosoni, Alberto
Mirijello, Antonio
Simone, Stefania De
Baldari, Benedetta
Cipolloni, Luigi
La Russa, Raffaele
author_facet Bertozzi, Giuseppe
Maiese, Aniello
Passaro, Giovanna
Tosoni, Alberto
Mirijello, Antonio
Simone, Stefania De
Baldari, Benedetta
Cipolloni, Luigi
La Russa, Raffaele
author_sort Bertozzi, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE), which in the past was also known as typhlitis or ileocecal syndrome for the segment of the gastrointestinal tract most affected, is a nosological entity that is difficult to diagnose and whose pathogenesis is not fully known to date. Initially described in pediatric patients with leukemic diseases, it has been gradually reported in adults with hematological malignancies and non-hematological conditions, such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, and also myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as being associated with other immunosuppressive causes such as AIDS treatment, therapy for solid tumors, and organ transplantation. Therefore, it is associated with high mortality due to the rapid evolution in worse clinical pictures: rapid progression to ischemia, necrosis, hemorrhage, perforation, multisystem organ failure, and sepsis. Case report: A case report is included to exemplify the clinical profile of patients with NE who develop sepsis. Literature Review: To identify a specific profile of subjects affected by neutropenic enterocolitis and the entity of the clinical condition most frequently associated with septic evolution, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The inclusion criteria were as follows: English language, full-text availability, human subjects, and adult subjects. Finally, the papers were selected after the evaluation of the title and abstract to evaluate their congruity with the subject of this manuscript. Following these procedures, 19 eligible empirical studies were included in the present review. Conclusions: Despite the recent interest and the growing number of publications targeting sepsis and intending to identify biomarkers useful for its diagnosis, prognosis, and for the understanding of its pathogenesis, and especially for multi-organ dysfunction, and despite the extensive research period of the literature review, the number of publications on the topic “neutropenic enterocolitis and sepsis” appears to be very small. In any case, the extrapolated data allowed us to conclude that the integration of medical history, clinical and laboratory data, radiological imaging, and macroscopic and histological investigations can allow us to identify a specific pathological profile.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8234962
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82349622021-06-27 Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile Bertozzi, Giuseppe Maiese, Aniello Passaro, Giovanna Tosoni, Alberto Mirijello, Antonio Simone, Stefania De Baldari, Benedetta Cipolloni, Luigi La Russa, Raffaele Medicina (Kaunas) Review Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE), which in the past was also known as typhlitis or ileocecal syndrome for the segment of the gastrointestinal tract most affected, is a nosological entity that is difficult to diagnose and whose pathogenesis is not fully known to date. Initially described in pediatric patients with leukemic diseases, it has been gradually reported in adults with hematological malignancies and non-hematological conditions, such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, and also myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as being associated with other immunosuppressive causes such as AIDS treatment, therapy for solid tumors, and organ transplantation. Therefore, it is associated with high mortality due to the rapid evolution in worse clinical pictures: rapid progression to ischemia, necrosis, hemorrhage, perforation, multisystem organ failure, and sepsis. Case report: A case report is included to exemplify the clinical profile of patients with NE who develop sepsis. Literature Review: To identify a specific profile of subjects affected by neutropenic enterocolitis and the entity of the clinical condition most frequently associated with septic evolution, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The inclusion criteria were as follows: English language, full-text availability, human subjects, and adult subjects. Finally, the papers were selected after the evaluation of the title and abstract to evaluate their congruity with the subject of this manuscript. Following these procedures, 19 eligible empirical studies were included in the present review. Conclusions: Despite the recent interest and the growing number of publications targeting sepsis and intending to identify biomarkers useful for its diagnosis, prognosis, and for the understanding of its pathogenesis, and especially for multi-organ dysfunction, and despite the extensive research period of the literature review, the number of publications on the topic “neutropenic enterocolitis and sepsis” appears to be very small. In any case, the extrapolated data allowed us to conclude that the integration of medical history, clinical and laboratory data, radiological imaging, and macroscopic and histological investigations can allow us to identify a specific pathological profile. MDPI 2021-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8234962/ /pubmed/34203105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060638 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bertozzi, Giuseppe
Maiese, Aniello
Passaro, Giovanna
Tosoni, Alberto
Mirijello, Antonio
Simone, Stefania De
Baldari, Benedetta
Cipolloni, Luigi
La Russa, Raffaele
Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title_full Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title_fullStr Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title_full_unstemmed Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title_short Neutropenic Enterocolitis and Sepsis: Towards the Definition of a Pathologic Profile
title_sort neutropenic enterocolitis and sepsis: towards the definition of a pathologic profile
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8234962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34203105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060638
work_keys_str_mv AT bertozzigiuseppe neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT maieseaniello neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT passarogiovanna neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT tosonialberto neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT mirijelloantonio neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT simonestefaniade neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT baldaribenedetta neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT cipolloniluigi neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile
AT larussaraffaele neutropenicenterocolitisandsepsistowardsthedefinitionofapathologicprofile