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CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray

Canopy characterization detection is essential for target-oriented spray, which minimizes pesticide residues in fruits, pesticide wastage, and pollution. In this study, a novel canopy meshing-profile characterization (CMPC) method based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR)point-cloud data was desi...

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Autores principales: Gu, Chenchen, Zhai, Changyuan, Wang, Xiu, Wang, Songlin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124252
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author Gu, Chenchen
Zhai, Changyuan
Wang, Xiu
Wang, Songlin
author_facet Gu, Chenchen
Zhai, Changyuan
Wang, Xiu
Wang, Songlin
author_sort Gu, Chenchen
collection PubMed
description Canopy characterization detection is essential for target-oriented spray, which minimizes pesticide residues in fruits, pesticide wastage, and pollution. In this study, a novel canopy meshing-profile characterization (CMPC) method based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR)point-cloud data was designed for high-precision canopy volume calculations. First, the accuracy and viability of this method were tested using a simulated canopy. The results show that the CMPC method can accurately characterize the 3D profiles of the simulated canopy. These simulated canopy profiles were similar to those obtained from manual measurements, and the measured canopy volume achieved an accuracy of 93.3%. Second, the feasibility of the method was verified by a field experiment where the canopy 3D stereogram and cross-sectional profiles were obtained via CMPC. The results show that the 3D stereogram exhibited a high degree of similarity with the tree canopy, although there were some differences at the edges, where the canopy was sparse. The CMPC-derived cross-sectional profiles matched the manually measured results well. The CMPC method achieved an accuracy of 96.3% when the tree canopy was detected by LiDAR at a moving speed of 1.2 m/s. The accuracy of the LiDAR system was virtually unchanged when the moving speeds was reduced to 1 m/s. No detection lag was observed when comparing the start and end positions of the cross-section. Different CMPC grid sizes were also evaluated. Small grid sizes (0.01 m × 0.01 m and 0.025 m × 0.025 m) were suitable for characterizing the finer details of a canopy, whereas grid sizes of 0.1 m × 0.1 m or larger can be used for characterizing its overall profile and volume. The results of this study can be used as a technical reference for the development of a LiDAR-based target-oriented spray system.
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spelling pubmed-82350392021-06-27 CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray Gu, Chenchen Zhai, Changyuan Wang, Xiu Wang, Songlin Sensors (Basel) Article Canopy characterization detection is essential for target-oriented spray, which minimizes pesticide residues in fruits, pesticide wastage, and pollution. In this study, a novel canopy meshing-profile characterization (CMPC) method based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR)point-cloud data was designed for high-precision canopy volume calculations. First, the accuracy and viability of this method were tested using a simulated canopy. The results show that the CMPC method can accurately characterize the 3D profiles of the simulated canopy. These simulated canopy profiles were similar to those obtained from manual measurements, and the measured canopy volume achieved an accuracy of 93.3%. Second, the feasibility of the method was verified by a field experiment where the canopy 3D stereogram and cross-sectional profiles were obtained via CMPC. The results show that the 3D stereogram exhibited a high degree of similarity with the tree canopy, although there were some differences at the edges, where the canopy was sparse. The CMPC-derived cross-sectional profiles matched the manually measured results well. The CMPC method achieved an accuracy of 96.3% when the tree canopy was detected by LiDAR at a moving speed of 1.2 m/s. The accuracy of the LiDAR system was virtually unchanged when the moving speeds was reduced to 1 m/s. No detection lag was observed when comparing the start and end positions of the cross-section. Different CMPC grid sizes were also evaluated. Small grid sizes (0.01 m × 0.01 m and 0.025 m × 0.025 m) were suitable for characterizing the finer details of a canopy, whereas grid sizes of 0.1 m × 0.1 m or larger can be used for characterizing its overall profile and volume. The results of this study can be used as a technical reference for the development of a LiDAR-based target-oriented spray system. MDPI 2021-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8235039/ /pubmed/34205819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124252 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gu, Chenchen
Zhai, Changyuan
Wang, Xiu
Wang, Songlin
CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title_full CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title_fullStr CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title_full_unstemmed CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title_short CMPC: An Innovative Lidar-Based Method to Estimate Tree Canopy Meshing-Profile Volumes for Orchard Target-Oriented Spray
title_sort cmpc: an innovative lidar-based method to estimate tree canopy meshing-profile volumes for orchard target-oriented spray
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124252
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