Cargando…

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: De Pasquale, Valeria, Quiccione, Miriam Shasa, Tafuri, Simona, Avallone, Luigi, Pavone, Luigi Michele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207476
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126574
_version_ 1783714299589427200
author De Pasquale, Valeria
Quiccione, Miriam Shasa
Tafuri, Simona
Avallone, Luigi
Pavone, Luigi Michele
author_facet De Pasquale, Valeria
Quiccione, Miriam Shasa
Tafuri, Simona
Avallone, Luigi
Pavone, Luigi Michele
author_sort De Pasquale, Valeria
collection PubMed
description Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to bind a plethora of ligands, including growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, matrix proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These interactions translate into key regulatory activity of HSPGs on a wide range of cellular processes such as receptor activation and signaling, cytoskeleton assembly, extracellular matrix remodeling, endocytosis, cell-cell crosstalk, and others. Due to their ubiquitous expression within tissues and their large functional repertoire, HSPGs are involved in many physiopathological processes; thus, they have emerged as valuable targets for the therapy of many human diseases. Among their functions, HSPGs assist many viruses in invading host cells at various steps of their life cycle. Viruses utilize HSPGs for the attachment to the host cell, internalization, intracellular trafficking, egress, and spread. Recently, HSPG involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG/SARS-CoV-2 interaction and downstream effects, and we provide an overview of the HSPG-based therapeutic strategies that could be used to combat such a fearsome virus.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8235362
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82353622021-06-27 Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 De Pasquale, Valeria Quiccione, Miriam Shasa Tafuri, Simona Avallone, Luigi Pavone, Luigi Michele Int J Mol Sci Review Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to bind a plethora of ligands, including growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, matrix proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These interactions translate into key regulatory activity of HSPGs on a wide range of cellular processes such as receptor activation and signaling, cytoskeleton assembly, extracellular matrix remodeling, endocytosis, cell-cell crosstalk, and others. Due to their ubiquitous expression within tissues and their large functional repertoire, HSPGs are involved in many physiopathological processes; thus, they have emerged as valuable targets for the therapy of many human diseases. Among their functions, HSPGs assist many viruses in invading host cells at various steps of their life cycle. Viruses utilize HSPGs for the attachment to the host cell, internalization, intracellular trafficking, egress, and spread. Recently, HSPG involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG/SARS-CoV-2 interaction and downstream effects, and we provide an overview of the HSPG-based therapeutic strategies that could be used to combat such a fearsome virus. MDPI 2021-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8235362/ /pubmed/34207476 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126574 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
De Pasquale, Valeria
Quiccione, Miriam Shasa
Tafuri, Simona
Avallone, Luigi
Pavone, Luigi Michele
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title_full Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title_fullStr Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title_full_unstemmed Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title_short Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2
title_sort heparan sulfate proteoglycans in viral infection and treatment: a special focus on sars-cov-2
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207476
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126574
work_keys_str_mv AT depasqualevaleria heparansulfateproteoglycansinviralinfectionandtreatmentaspecialfocusonsarscov2
AT quiccionemiriamshasa heparansulfateproteoglycansinviralinfectionandtreatmentaspecialfocusonsarscov2
AT tafurisimona heparansulfateproteoglycansinviralinfectionandtreatmentaspecialfocusonsarscov2
AT avalloneluigi heparansulfateproteoglycansinviralinfectionandtreatmentaspecialfocusonsarscov2
AT pavoneluigimichele heparansulfateproteoglycansinviralinfectionandtreatmentaspecialfocusonsarscov2