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Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples

BACKGROUND: Understanding the processes that lead to hybridization of wolves and dogs is of scientific and management importance, particularly over large geographical scales, as wolves can disperse great distances. However, a method to efficiently detect hybrids in routine wolf monitoring is lacking...

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Autores principales: Harmoinen, Jenni, von Thaden, Alina, Aspi, Jouni, Kvist, Laura, Cocchiararo, Berardino, Jarausch, Anne, Gazzola, Andrea, Sin, Teodora, Lohi, Hannes, Hytönen, Marjo K., Kojola, Ilpo, Stronen, Astrid Vik, Caniglia, Romolo, Mattucci, Federica, Galaverni, Marco, Godinho, Raquel, Ruiz-González, Aritz, Randi, Ettore, Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta, Nowak, Carsten
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34171993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5
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author Harmoinen, Jenni
von Thaden, Alina
Aspi, Jouni
Kvist, Laura
Cocchiararo, Berardino
Jarausch, Anne
Gazzola, Andrea
Sin, Teodora
Lohi, Hannes
Hytönen, Marjo K.
Kojola, Ilpo
Stronen, Astrid Vik
Caniglia, Romolo
Mattucci, Federica
Galaverni, Marco
Godinho, Raquel
Ruiz-González, Aritz
Randi, Ettore
Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta
Nowak, Carsten
author_facet Harmoinen, Jenni
von Thaden, Alina
Aspi, Jouni
Kvist, Laura
Cocchiararo, Berardino
Jarausch, Anne
Gazzola, Andrea
Sin, Teodora
Lohi, Hannes
Hytönen, Marjo K.
Kojola, Ilpo
Stronen, Astrid Vik
Caniglia, Romolo
Mattucci, Federica
Galaverni, Marco
Godinho, Raquel
Ruiz-González, Aritz
Randi, Ettore
Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta
Nowak, Carsten
author_sort Harmoinen, Jenni
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Understanding the processes that lead to hybridization of wolves and dogs is of scientific and management importance, particularly over large geographical scales, as wolves can disperse great distances. However, a method to efficiently detect hybrids in routine wolf monitoring is lacking. Microsatellites offer only limited resolution due to the low number of markers showing distinctive allele frequencies between wolves and dogs. Moreover, calibration across laboratories is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we selected a panel of 96 ancestry informative markers for wolves and dogs, derived from the Illumina CanineHD Whole-Genome BeadChip (174 K). We designed very short amplicons for genotyping on a microfluidic array, thus making the method suitable also for non-invasively collected samples. RESULTS: Genotypes based on 93 SNPs from wolves sampled throughout Europe, purebred and non-pedigree dogs, and suspected hybrids showed that the new panel accurately identifies parental individuals, first-generation hybrids and first-generation backcrosses to wolves, while second- and third-generation backcrosses to wolves were identified as advanced hybrids in almost all cases. Our results support the hybrid identity of suspect individuals and the non-hybrid status of individuals regarded as wolves. We also show the adequacy of these markers to assess hybridization at a European-wide scale and the importance of including samples from reference populations. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the proposed SNP panel is an efficient tool for detecting hybrids up to the third-generation backcrosses to wolves across Europe. Notably, the proposed genotyping method is suitable for a variety of samples, including non-invasive and museum samples, making this panel useful for wolf-dog hybrid assessments and wolf monitoring at both continental and different temporal scales. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5.
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spelling pubmed-82358132021-06-28 Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples Harmoinen, Jenni von Thaden, Alina Aspi, Jouni Kvist, Laura Cocchiararo, Berardino Jarausch, Anne Gazzola, Andrea Sin, Teodora Lohi, Hannes Hytönen, Marjo K. Kojola, Ilpo Stronen, Astrid Vik Caniglia, Romolo Mattucci, Federica Galaverni, Marco Godinho, Raquel Ruiz-González, Aritz Randi, Ettore Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta Nowak, Carsten BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Understanding the processes that lead to hybridization of wolves and dogs is of scientific and management importance, particularly over large geographical scales, as wolves can disperse great distances. However, a method to efficiently detect hybrids in routine wolf monitoring is lacking. Microsatellites offer only limited resolution due to the low number of markers showing distinctive allele frequencies between wolves and dogs. Moreover, calibration across laboratories is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we selected a panel of 96 ancestry informative markers for wolves and dogs, derived from the Illumina CanineHD Whole-Genome BeadChip (174 K). We designed very short amplicons for genotyping on a microfluidic array, thus making the method suitable also for non-invasively collected samples. RESULTS: Genotypes based on 93 SNPs from wolves sampled throughout Europe, purebred and non-pedigree dogs, and suspected hybrids showed that the new panel accurately identifies parental individuals, first-generation hybrids and first-generation backcrosses to wolves, while second- and third-generation backcrosses to wolves were identified as advanced hybrids in almost all cases. Our results support the hybrid identity of suspect individuals and the non-hybrid status of individuals regarded as wolves. We also show the adequacy of these markers to assess hybridization at a European-wide scale and the importance of including samples from reference populations. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the proposed SNP panel is an efficient tool for detecting hybrids up to the third-generation backcrosses to wolves across Europe. Notably, the proposed genotyping method is suitable for a variety of samples, including non-invasive and museum samples, making this panel useful for wolf-dog hybrid assessments and wolf monitoring at both continental and different temporal scales. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5. BioMed Central 2021-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8235813/ /pubmed/34171993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Harmoinen, Jenni
von Thaden, Alina
Aspi, Jouni
Kvist, Laura
Cocchiararo, Berardino
Jarausch, Anne
Gazzola, Andrea
Sin, Teodora
Lohi, Hannes
Hytönen, Marjo K.
Kojola, Ilpo
Stronen, Astrid Vik
Caniglia, Romolo
Mattucci, Federica
Galaverni, Marco
Godinho, Raquel
Ruiz-González, Aritz
Randi, Ettore
Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta
Nowak, Carsten
Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title_full Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title_fullStr Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title_full_unstemmed Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title_short Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
title_sort reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in europe using a reduced snp panel developed for non-invasively collected samples
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34171993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5
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