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A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis
Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals and is unique in that it is only synthesized by epithelial cells in the mammary glands. Lactose is also essential for the development and nutrition of infants. Across species, the concentration of lactose in milk holds a strong positive...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34125364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09490-7 |
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author | Sadovnikova, Anna Garcia, Sergio C. Hovey, Russell C. |
author_facet | Sadovnikova, Anna Garcia, Sergio C. Hovey, Russell C. |
author_sort | Sadovnikova, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals and is unique in that it is only synthesized by epithelial cells in the mammary glands. Lactose is also essential for the development and nutrition of infants. Across species, the concentration of lactose in milk holds a strong positive correlation with overall milk volume. Additionally, there is a range of examples where the onset of lactose synthesis as well as the content of lactose in milk varies between species and throughout a lactation. Despite this diversity, the precursors, genes, proteins and ions that regulate lactose synthesis have not received the depth of study they likely deserve relative to the significance of this simple and abundant molecule. Through this review, our objective is to highlight the requirements for lactose synthesis at the biochemical, cellular and temporal levels through a comparative approach. This overview also serves as the prelude to a companion review describing the dietary, hormonal, molecular, and genetic factors that regulate lactose synthesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8236053 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82360532021-07-09 A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis Sadovnikova, Anna Garcia, Sergio C. Hovey, Russell C. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia Review Paper Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals and is unique in that it is only synthesized by epithelial cells in the mammary glands. Lactose is also essential for the development and nutrition of infants. Across species, the concentration of lactose in milk holds a strong positive correlation with overall milk volume. Additionally, there is a range of examples where the onset of lactose synthesis as well as the content of lactose in milk varies between species and throughout a lactation. Despite this diversity, the precursors, genes, proteins and ions that regulate lactose synthesis have not received the depth of study they likely deserve relative to the significance of this simple and abundant molecule. Through this review, our objective is to highlight the requirements for lactose synthesis at the biochemical, cellular and temporal levels through a comparative approach. This overview also serves as the prelude to a companion review describing the dietary, hormonal, molecular, and genetic factors that regulate lactose synthesis. Springer US 2021-06-14 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8236053/ /pubmed/34125364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09490-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Paper Sadovnikova, Anna Garcia, Sergio C. Hovey, Russell C. A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title | A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title_full | A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title_fullStr | A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title_short | A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis |
title_sort | comparative review of the cell biology, biochemistry, and genetics of lactose synthesis |
topic | Review Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34125364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09490-7 |
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