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Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States

The arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine has been accompanied by increased discussion of vaccine hesitancy. However, it is unclear if there are shared patterns between general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection, or if these are two different concepts. This study characterized rejection of a...

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Autores principales: Shih, Shu-Fang, Wagner, Abram L., Masters, Nina B., Prosser, Lisa A., Lu, Yihan, Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270
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author Shih, Shu-Fang
Wagner, Abram L.
Masters, Nina B.
Prosser, Lisa A.
Lu, Yihan
Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
author_facet Shih, Shu-Fang
Wagner, Abram L.
Masters, Nina B.
Prosser, Lisa A.
Lu, Yihan
Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
author_sort Shih, Shu-Fang
collection PubMed
description The arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine has been accompanied by increased discussion of vaccine hesitancy. However, it is unclear if there are shared patterns between general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection, or if these are two different concepts. This study characterized rejection of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine, and compared patterns of association between general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection. The survey was conducted online March 20-22, 2020. Participants answered questions on vaccine hesitancy and responded if they would accept the vaccine given different safety and effectiveness profiles. We assessed differences in COVID-19 rejection and general vaccine hesitancy through logistic regressions. Among 713 participants, 33.0% were vaccine hesitant, and 18.4% would reject a COVID-19 vaccine. Acceptance varied by effectiveness profile: 10.2% would reject a 95% effective COVID-19 vaccine, but 32.4% would reject a 50% effective vaccine. Those vaccine hesitant were significantly more likely to reject COVID-19 vaccination [odds ratio (OR): 5.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.39, 9.11]. In multivariable logistic regression models, there were similar patterns for vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection by gender, race/ethnicity, family income, and political affiliation. But the direction of association flipped by urbanicity (P=0.0146, with rural dwellers less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine rejecters but more likely to be vaccine hesitant in general), and age (P=0.0037, with fewer pronounced differences across age for COVID-19 vaccine rejection, but a gradient of stronger vaccine hesitancy in general among younger ages). During the COVID-19 epidemic’s early phase, patterns of vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection were relatively similar. A significant minority would reject a COVID-19 vaccine, especially one with less-than-ideal effectiveness. Preparations for introducing the COVID-19 vaccine should anticipate substantial hesitation and target concerns, especially among younger adults.
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spelling pubmed-82366392021-06-29 Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States Shih, Shu-Fang Wagner, Abram L. Masters, Nina B. Prosser, Lisa A. Lu, Yihan Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J. Front Immunol Immunology The arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine has been accompanied by increased discussion of vaccine hesitancy. However, it is unclear if there are shared patterns between general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection, or if these are two different concepts. This study characterized rejection of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine, and compared patterns of association between general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection. The survey was conducted online March 20-22, 2020. Participants answered questions on vaccine hesitancy and responded if they would accept the vaccine given different safety and effectiveness profiles. We assessed differences in COVID-19 rejection and general vaccine hesitancy through logistic regressions. Among 713 participants, 33.0% were vaccine hesitant, and 18.4% would reject a COVID-19 vaccine. Acceptance varied by effectiveness profile: 10.2% would reject a 95% effective COVID-19 vaccine, but 32.4% would reject a 50% effective vaccine. Those vaccine hesitant were significantly more likely to reject COVID-19 vaccination [odds ratio (OR): 5.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.39, 9.11]. In multivariable logistic regression models, there were similar patterns for vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection by gender, race/ethnicity, family income, and political affiliation. But the direction of association flipped by urbanicity (P=0.0146, with rural dwellers less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine rejecters but more likely to be vaccine hesitant in general), and age (P=0.0037, with fewer pronounced differences across age for COVID-19 vaccine rejection, but a gradient of stronger vaccine hesitancy in general among younger ages). During the COVID-19 epidemic’s early phase, patterns of vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection were relatively similar. A significant minority would reject a COVID-19 vaccine, especially one with less-than-ideal effectiveness. Preparations for introducing the COVID-19 vaccine should anticipate substantial hesitation and target concerns, especially among younger adults. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8236639/ /pubmed/34194418 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shih, Wagner, Masters, Prosser, Lu and Zikmund-Fisher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Shih, Shu-Fang
Wagner, Abram L.
Masters, Nina B.
Prosser, Lisa A.
Lu, Yihan
Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title_full Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title_fullStr Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title_short Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States
title_sort vaccine hesitancy and rejection of a vaccine for the novel coronavirus in the united states
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270
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