Relative clinical utility of simultaneous (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI and PET/CT for preoperative cervical cancer diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for the preoperative diagnosis of cervical cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 114 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer and underwent PET/MRI (n = 59) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) (n = 65) before surgery. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) and mean SUV (SUV(mean)) were determined for regions of interest in the resultant radiographic images. RESULTS: Relative to PET/CT, (18)F-FDG PET/MRI exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity in defining the primary tumor bounds and higher sensitivity for detection of bladder involvement. The SUV(max) and SUV(mean) of PET/MRI were remarkably higher than those of PET/CT as a means of detecting primary tumors, bladder involvement, and the lymph node status. However, no significant differences in these values were detected when comparing the two imaging approaches as a means of detecting vaginal involvement or para-aortic lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes may demonstrate the capability of (18)F-FDG PET/MRI to clarify preoperative cervical cancer diagnoses in the context of unclear PET/CT findings. However, studies directly comparing SUVs in different lesion types from patients who have undergone both PET/MRI and PET/CT scans are essential to validate and expand upon these findings.