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Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in rewar...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899 |
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author | Hirono, Moritoshi Karube, Fuyuki Yanagawa, Yuchio |
author_facet | Hirono, Moritoshi Karube, Fuyuki Yanagawa, Yuchio |
author_sort | Hirono, Moritoshi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs’ primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8236809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82368092021-06-29 Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Hirono, Moritoshi Karube, Fuyuki Yanagawa, Yuchio Front Neural Circuits Neural Circuits Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs’ primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8236809/ /pubmed/34194302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hirono, Karube and Yanagawa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neural Circuits Hirono, Moritoshi Karube, Fuyuki Yanagawa, Yuchio Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title | Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title_full | Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title_fullStr | Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title_short | Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells |
title_sort | modulatory effects of monoamines and perineuronal nets on output of cerebellar purkinje cells |
topic | Neural Circuits |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899 |
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