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Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in rewar...

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Autores principales: Hirono, Moritoshi, Karube, Fuyuki, Yanagawa, Yuchio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899
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author Hirono, Moritoshi
Karube, Fuyuki
Yanagawa, Yuchio
author_facet Hirono, Moritoshi
Karube, Fuyuki
Yanagawa, Yuchio
author_sort Hirono, Moritoshi
collection PubMed
description Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs’ primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions.
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spelling pubmed-82368092021-06-29 Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Hirono, Moritoshi Karube, Fuyuki Yanagawa, Yuchio Front Neural Circuits Neural Circuits Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs’ primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8236809/ /pubmed/34194302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hirono, Karube and Yanagawa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neural Circuits
Hirono, Moritoshi
Karube, Fuyuki
Yanagawa, Yuchio
Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title_full Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title_fullStr Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title_full_unstemmed Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title_short Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
title_sort modulatory effects of monoamines and perineuronal nets on output of cerebellar purkinje cells
topic Neural Circuits
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34194302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.661899
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