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Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies

Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative...

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Autores principales: Verma, Sagar, Singh, Priyanka, Khurana, Shiffali, Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar, Kukreti, Ritushree, Saso, Luciano, Rana, Devinder Singh, Taneja, Vibha, Bhargava, Vinant
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Society of Nephrology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237115/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34078023
http://dx.doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.20.163
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author Verma, Sagar
Singh, Priyanka
Khurana, Shiffali
Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar
Kukreti, Ritushree
Saso, Luciano
Rana, Devinder Singh
Taneja, Vibha
Bhargava, Vinant
author_facet Verma, Sagar
Singh, Priyanka
Khurana, Shiffali
Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar
Kukreti, Ritushree
Saso, Luciano
Rana, Devinder Singh
Taneja, Vibha
Bhargava, Vinant
author_sort Verma, Sagar
collection PubMed
description Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients.
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spelling pubmed-82371152021-07-07 Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies Verma, Sagar Singh, Priyanka Khurana, Shiffali Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar Kukreti, Ritushree Saso, Luciano Rana, Devinder Singh Taneja, Vibha Bhargava, Vinant Kidney Res Clin Pract Review Article Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients. The Korean Society of Nephrology 2021-06 2021-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8237115/ /pubmed/34078023 http://dx.doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.20.163 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Korean Society of Nephrology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial and No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution of the material without any modifications, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original works properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Verma, Sagar
Singh, Priyanka
Khurana, Shiffali
Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar
Kukreti, Ritushree
Saso, Luciano
Rana, Devinder Singh
Taneja, Vibha
Bhargava, Vinant
Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title_full Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title_fullStr Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title_full_unstemmed Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title_short Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
title_sort implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237115/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34078023
http://dx.doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.20.163
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