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Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children

Diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients remains challenging due to inherent difficulties associated with obtaining respiratory samples for molecular and culture-based testing. To address this, recent studies have highlighted the utility of tongue swabs to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis ge...

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Autores principales: Ealand, Christopher, Peters, Julian, Jacobs, Olivia, Sewcharran, Astika, Ghoor, Azra, Golub, Jonathan, Brahmbhatt, Heena, Martinson, Neil, Dangor, Ziyaad, Lala, Sanjay G., Kana, Bavesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8238041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195103
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.696379
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author Ealand, Christopher
Peters, Julian
Jacobs, Olivia
Sewcharran, Astika
Ghoor, Azra
Golub, Jonathan
Brahmbhatt, Heena
Martinson, Neil
Dangor, Ziyaad
Lala, Sanjay G.
Kana, Bavesh
author_facet Ealand, Christopher
Peters, Julian
Jacobs, Olivia
Sewcharran, Astika
Ghoor, Azra
Golub, Jonathan
Brahmbhatt, Heena
Martinson, Neil
Dangor, Ziyaad
Lala, Sanjay G.
Kana, Bavesh
author_sort Ealand, Christopher
collection PubMed
description Diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients remains challenging due to inherent difficulties associated with obtaining respiratory samples for molecular and culture-based testing. To address this, recent studies have highlighted the utility of tongue swabs to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA in the oral epithelia of tuberculosis infected adults. It is unknown whether tongue swabs have similar utility for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis and if the presence of DNA in these swabs was associated with whole bacilli. We therefore sought to conduct a preliminary assessment of the utility of tongue swabs to detect tubercle bacilli and their associated genetic material in young children. For this, we recruited hospitalized children with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis (n = 26) or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI, n = 9). These categories were blinded for downstream laboratory tests, which included PCR, spoligotyping, smear microscopy, and culture. Mtb genomic DNA was detected by PCR only in clinically diagnosed TB cases [11/26 (31.4%)] and not in cases with LRTI. Of these, 5/11 [45.5%] were associated with a spoligotype. Spoligotyping also detected an additional six specimens that were negative by PCR. Using smear microscopy, 19/26 [73.1%] and 4/9 [44.4] were Mtb positive in the tuberculosis or LRTI categories respectively. We noted positive results on all three tests in 5/26 [19.2%] in the tuberculosis category and 0/9 in the LRTI category. All specimens were culture negative. Collectively, these preliminary data present a compelling case for broader testing of tongue swabs to diagnose tuberculosis in children where obtaining standard sputum specimens is not easy.
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spelling pubmed-82380412021-06-29 Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children Ealand, Christopher Peters, Julian Jacobs, Olivia Sewcharran, Astika Ghoor, Azra Golub, Jonathan Brahmbhatt, Heena Martinson, Neil Dangor, Ziyaad Lala, Sanjay G. Kana, Bavesh Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients remains challenging due to inherent difficulties associated with obtaining respiratory samples for molecular and culture-based testing. To address this, recent studies have highlighted the utility of tongue swabs to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA in the oral epithelia of tuberculosis infected adults. It is unknown whether tongue swabs have similar utility for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis and if the presence of DNA in these swabs was associated with whole bacilli. We therefore sought to conduct a preliminary assessment of the utility of tongue swabs to detect tubercle bacilli and their associated genetic material in young children. For this, we recruited hospitalized children with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis (n = 26) or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI, n = 9). These categories were blinded for downstream laboratory tests, which included PCR, spoligotyping, smear microscopy, and culture. Mtb genomic DNA was detected by PCR only in clinically diagnosed TB cases [11/26 (31.4%)] and not in cases with LRTI. Of these, 5/11 [45.5%] were associated with a spoligotype. Spoligotyping also detected an additional six specimens that were negative by PCR. Using smear microscopy, 19/26 [73.1%] and 4/9 [44.4] were Mtb positive in the tuberculosis or LRTI categories respectively. We noted positive results on all three tests in 5/26 [19.2%] in the tuberculosis category and 0/9 in the LRTI category. All specimens were culture negative. Collectively, these preliminary data present a compelling case for broader testing of tongue swabs to diagnose tuberculosis in children where obtaining standard sputum specimens is not easy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8238041/ /pubmed/34195103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.696379 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ealand, Peters, Jacobs, Sewcharran, Ghoor, Golub, Brahmbhatt, Martinson, Dangor, Lala and Kana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Ealand, Christopher
Peters, Julian
Jacobs, Olivia
Sewcharran, Astika
Ghoor, Azra
Golub, Jonathan
Brahmbhatt, Heena
Martinson, Neil
Dangor, Ziyaad
Lala, Sanjay G.
Kana, Bavesh
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title_full Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title_fullStr Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title_short Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli and Nucleic Acids From Tongue Swabs in Young, Hospitalized Children
title_sort detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacilli and nucleic acids from tongue swabs in young, hospitalized children
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8238041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195103
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.696379
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