Cargando…

Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures

Many people in the world lack safe basic drinking water sources and rely on untreated water source. Packaged water can be considered as an alternative to other water sources if measures are put in place to ensure its safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Banda, Rodney K., Mubita, Patricia, Moonga, Given, Meki, Chisala D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.620700
_version_ 1783715025065607168
author Banda, Rodney K.
Mubita, Patricia
Moonga, Given
Meki, Chisala D.
author_facet Banda, Rodney K.
Mubita, Patricia
Moonga, Given
Meki, Chisala D.
author_sort Banda, Rodney K.
collection PubMed
description Many people in the world lack safe basic drinking water sources and rely on untreated water source. Packaged water can be considered as an alternative to other water sources if measures are put in place to ensure its safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and heavy metal analysis of packaged water produced in Lusaka, Zambia and associated quality control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2019 where 18 brands of packaged water were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms as well as concentrations of Lead, Chromium, and Cadmium. The study found that 33.5% of the packaged water produced in Lusaka did not comply with the standard for drinking water on bacteriological quality. We also found that the concentrations for Lead were <0.01 mg/l in all the 17 samples, thus compliant to WHO/ZABS standards. Concentrations of Chromium were between 0.002 and 0.62 mg/l and compliance to the standard was 11.8%. Concentrations for Cadmium were between 0.009 and 0.2 mg/l against the acceptable concentration of <0.003 mg/l. Most brands of the packaged water did not conform to the standards for drinking water.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8239186
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82391862021-06-30 Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures Banda, Rodney K. Mubita, Patricia Moonga, Given Meki, Chisala D. Front Public Health Public Health Many people in the world lack safe basic drinking water sources and rely on untreated water source. Packaged water can be considered as an alternative to other water sources if measures are put in place to ensure its safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and heavy metal analysis of packaged water produced in Lusaka, Zambia and associated quality control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2019 where 18 brands of packaged water were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms as well as concentrations of Lead, Chromium, and Cadmium. The study found that 33.5% of the packaged water produced in Lusaka did not comply with the standard for drinking water on bacteriological quality. We also found that the concentrations for Lead were <0.01 mg/l in all the 17 samples, thus compliant to WHO/ZABS standards. Concentrations of Chromium were between 0.002 and 0.62 mg/l and compliance to the standard was 11.8%. Concentrations for Cadmium were between 0.009 and 0.2 mg/l against the acceptable concentration of <0.003 mg/l. Most brands of the packaged water did not conform to the standards for drinking water. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8239186/ /pubmed/34211949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.620700 Text en Copyright © 2021 Banda, Mubita, Moonga and Meki. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Banda, Rodney K.
Mubita, Patricia
Moonga, Given
Meki, Chisala D.
Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title_full Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title_fullStr Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title_full_unstemmed Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title_short Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures
title_sort bacteriological quality and heavy metal analysis of packaged water produced in lusaka, zambia and associated quality control measures
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.620700
work_keys_str_mv AT bandarodneyk bacteriologicalqualityandheavymetalanalysisofpackagedwaterproducedinlusakazambiaandassociatedqualitycontrolmeasures
AT mubitapatricia bacteriologicalqualityandheavymetalanalysisofpackagedwaterproducedinlusakazambiaandassociatedqualitycontrolmeasures
AT moongagiven bacteriologicalqualityandheavymetalanalysisofpackagedwaterproducedinlusakazambiaandassociatedqualitycontrolmeasures
AT mekichisalad bacteriologicalqualityandheavymetalanalysisofpackagedwaterproducedinlusakazambiaandassociatedqualitycontrolmeasures