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Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are widely used to treat various malignant tumors. However, during the immunotherapy in a few patients, a flare-up of tumor growth occurred. This new pattern of progression is called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Patients and Methods. The retrospective s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8241516/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34239621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639366 |
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author | Chen, Shiyun Gou, Miaomiao Yan, Huan Fan, Mengjiao Pan, Yuting Fan, Runjia Qian, Niansong Dai, Guanghai |
author_facet | Chen, Shiyun Gou, Miaomiao Yan, Huan Fan, Mengjiao Pan, Yuting Fan, Runjia Qian, Niansong Dai, Guanghai |
author_sort | Chen, Shiyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Nowadays, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are widely used to treat various malignant tumors. However, during the immunotherapy in a few patients, a flare-up of tumor growth occurred. This new pattern of progression is called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Patients and Methods. The retrospective study included 377 patients with various malignant tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019. Clinicopathologic variables, tumor growth rate (TGR), and treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients with pan-cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors. HPD was defined as the difference of TGR before and during immunotherapy exceeding 50%. RESULTS: In 38 of 377 patients (10.08%), HPD occurred after treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Patients with HPD had lower overall survival (OS) than those without HPD (median OS, 3.6months (95% CI, 3.0–4.2) vs. 7.3 months (95% CI, 5.9–8.7); P < 0.01). Factors related to HPD include more than 2 metastatic sites, ECOG performance status ≥ 2, hepatic metastases, and lactate dehydrogenase level greater than normal upper limit. KRAS status was significantly associated with HPD in patients with colorectal cancer. In the exploratory predictors' analysis, the rapid increase of characteristic tumor markers (such as CEA in colorectal cancer, CA199 in pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma) within one month was found to be associated with the occurrence of HPD. CONCLUSIONS: HPD was developed with different rates in a variety of malignant tumor patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors and related to some clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Tumor markers, especially CA199, might be served as early predictors of HPD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8241516 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82415162021-07-07 Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer Chen, Shiyun Gou, Miaomiao Yan, Huan Fan, Mengjiao Pan, Yuting Fan, Runjia Qian, Niansong Dai, Guanghai Dis Markers Research Article BACKGROUND: Nowadays, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are widely used to treat various malignant tumors. However, during the immunotherapy in a few patients, a flare-up of tumor growth occurred. This new pattern of progression is called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Patients and Methods. The retrospective study included 377 patients with various malignant tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019. Clinicopathologic variables, tumor growth rate (TGR), and treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients with pan-cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors. HPD was defined as the difference of TGR before and during immunotherapy exceeding 50%. RESULTS: In 38 of 377 patients (10.08%), HPD occurred after treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Patients with HPD had lower overall survival (OS) than those without HPD (median OS, 3.6months (95% CI, 3.0–4.2) vs. 7.3 months (95% CI, 5.9–8.7); P < 0.01). Factors related to HPD include more than 2 metastatic sites, ECOG performance status ≥ 2, hepatic metastases, and lactate dehydrogenase level greater than normal upper limit. KRAS status was significantly associated with HPD in patients with colorectal cancer. In the exploratory predictors' analysis, the rapid increase of characteristic tumor markers (such as CEA in colorectal cancer, CA199 in pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma) within one month was found to be associated with the occurrence of HPD. CONCLUSIONS: HPD was developed with different rates in a variety of malignant tumor patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors and related to some clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Tumor markers, especially CA199, might be served as early predictors of HPD. Hindawi 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8241516/ /pubmed/34239621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639366 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shiyun Chen et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chen, Shiyun Gou, Miaomiao Yan, Huan Fan, Mengjiao Pan, Yuting Fan, Runjia Qian, Niansong Dai, Guanghai Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title | Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title_full | Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title_fullStr | Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title_short | Hyperprogressive Disease Caused by PD-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pan-Cancer |
title_sort | hyperprogressive disease caused by pd-1 inhibitors for the treatment of pan-cancer |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8241516/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34239621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639366 |
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