Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens application reduces root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) infestation in eggplant

Eggplant cultivation is subjected to attacks by numbers of pests and diseases from the nursery stage until harvest. Root-knot nematode (M. javanica) is one of the most significant restrictions in the successful cultivation of eggplant as it damages the crop year-round. One of the most essential classes of plant symbionts is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which significantly impact plant development, feeding, disease tolerance, and resistance to M. javanica. Eggplant seedlings were inoculated with two mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae (Gm) and Gigaspora gigantea (Gg), together with the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf; ATCC-17400) under the presence of nematodes inoculation of Meloidogyne javanica as 1000 eggs of M. javanica in each pot. Observations were recorded for 9 morphological traits, 6 fruit morphometric traits using Tomato Analyzer (version 4) software program, and 4 fruit biochemical traits. Along with the data recorded for mycorrhization (%), number of galls and reaction to RKN. Plants inoculated with the consortium (Pf + Gm + Gg) performed substantially better for most traits. Furthermore, the eggplant plants treated with consortium developed the highest levels of fruit biochemical content along with the highest level of mycorrhization (68.20%). Except for certain fruit morphometric traits, the treatment containing Pf + Gg outperformed the treatment containing Pf + Gm. Overall, this research showed that AM fungi could be a sustainable solution to the eggplant RKN problem.