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Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes
Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, revealing an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8241676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33948695 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w |
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author | Bauer, Elvira Maria Cecchetti, Daniele Guerriero, Ettore Nisticò, Steven Germinario, Giulia Sennato, Simona Gontrani, Lorenzo Tagliatesta, Pietro Carbone, Marilena |
author_facet | Bauer, Elvira Maria Cecchetti, Daniele Guerriero, Ettore Nisticò, Steven Germinario, Giulia Sennato, Simona Gontrani, Lorenzo Tagliatesta, Pietro Carbone, Marilena |
author_sort | Bauer, Elvira Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H(2)O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N(2) flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, GC–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8241676 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82416762021-07-13 Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes Bauer, Elvira Maria Cecchetti, Daniele Guerriero, Ettore Nisticò, Steven Germinario, Giulia Sennato, Simona Gontrani, Lorenzo Tagliatesta, Pietro Carbone, Marilena Arch Toxicol Nanotoxicology Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H(2)O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N(2) flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, GC–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-05-04 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8241676/ /pubmed/33948695 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Nanotoxicology Bauer, Elvira Maria Cecchetti, Daniele Guerriero, Ettore Nisticò, Steven Germinario, Giulia Sennato, Simona Gontrani, Lorenzo Tagliatesta, Pietro Carbone, Marilena Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title | Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title_full | Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title_fullStr | Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title_full_unstemmed | Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title_short | Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
title_sort | laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment pg36: coincidence and toxicity of processes |
topic | Nanotoxicology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8241676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33948695 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w |
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