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Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset

Major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity briefly after the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, knowledge concerning long-term kinetics of antibody responses in convalescent patients is limited. During a one-year period post symptom onset, we lon...

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Autores principales: Xiang, Tiandan, Liang, Boyun, Fang, Yaohui, Lu, Sihong, Li, Sumeng, Wang, Hua, Li, Huadong, Yang, Xiaoli, Shen, Shu, Zhu, Bin, Wang, Baoju, Wu, Jun, Liu, Jia, Lu, Mengji, Yang, Dongliang, Dittmer, Ulf, Trilling, Mirko, Deng, Fei, Zheng, Xin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8242354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34220870
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.708523
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author Xiang, Tiandan
Liang, Boyun
Fang, Yaohui
Lu, Sihong
Li, Sumeng
Wang, Hua
Li, Huadong
Yang, Xiaoli
Shen, Shu
Zhu, Bin
Wang, Baoju
Wu, Jun
Liu, Jia
Lu, Mengji
Yang, Dongliang
Dittmer, Ulf
Trilling, Mirko
Deng, Fei
Zheng, Xin
author_facet Xiang, Tiandan
Liang, Boyun
Fang, Yaohui
Lu, Sihong
Li, Sumeng
Wang, Hua
Li, Huadong
Yang, Xiaoli
Shen, Shu
Zhu, Bin
Wang, Baoju
Wu, Jun
Liu, Jia
Lu, Mengji
Yang, Dongliang
Dittmer, Ulf
Trilling, Mirko
Deng, Fei
Zheng, Xin
author_sort Xiang, Tiandan
collection PubMed
description Major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity briefly after the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, knowledge concerning long-term kinetics of antibody responses in convalescent patients is limited. During a one-year period post symptom onset, we longitudinally collected 162 samples from 76 patients and quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid (N) protein or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S). After one year, approximately 90% of recovered patients still had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies recognizing N and RBD-S. Intriguingly, neutralizing activity was only detectable in ~43% of patients. When neutralization tests against the E484K-mutated variant of concern (VOC) B.1.351 (initially identified in South Africa) were performed among patients who neutralize the original virus, the capacity to neutralize was even further diminished to 22.6% of donors. Despite declining N- and S-specific IgG titers, a considerable fraction of recovered patients had detectable neutralizing activity one year after infection. However, neutralizing capacities, in particular against an E484K-mutated VOC were only detectable in a minority of patients one year after symptomatic COVID-19. Our findings shed light on the kinetics of long-term immune responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and argue for vaccinations of individuals who experienced a natural infection to protect against emerging VOC.
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spelling pubmed-82423542021-07-01 Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset Xiang, Tiandan Liang, Boyun Fang, Yaohui Lu, Sihong Li, Sumeng Wang, Hua Li, Huadong Yang, Xiaoli Shen, Shu Zhu, Bin Wang, Baoju Wu, Jun Liu, Jia Lu, Mengji Yang, Dongliang Dittmer, Ulf Trilling, Mirko Deng, Fei Zheng, Xin Front Immunol Immunology Major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity briefly after the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, knowledge concerning long-term kinetics of antibody responses in convalescent patients is limited. During a one-year period post symptom onset, we longitudinally collected 162 samples from 76 patients and quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid (N) protein or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S). After one year, approximately 90% of recovered patients still had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies recognizing N and RBD-S. Intriguingly, neutralizing activity was only detectable in ~43% of patients. When neutralization tests against the E484K-mutated variant of concern (VOC) B.1.351 (initially identified in South Africa) were performed among patients who neutralize the original virus, the capacity to neutralize was even further diminished to 22.6% of donors. Despite declining N- and S-specific IgG titers, a considerable fraction of recovered patients had detectable neutralizing activity one year after infection. However, neutralizing capacities, in particular against an E484K-mutated VOC were only detectable in a minority of patients one year after symptomatic COVID-19. Our findings shed light on the kinetics of long-term immune responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and argue for vaccinations of individuals who experienced a natural infection to protect against emerging VOC. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8242354/ /pubmed/34220870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.708523 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xiang, Liang, Fang, Lu, Li, Wang, Li, Yang, Shen, Zhu, Wang, Wu, Liu, Lu, Yang, Dittmer, Trilling, Deng and Zheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Xiang, Tiandan
Liang, Boyun
Fang, Yaohui
Lu, Sihong
Li, Sumeng
Wang, Hua
Li, Huadong
Yang, Xiaoli
Shen, Shu
Zhu, Bin
Wang, Baoju
Wu, Jun
Liu, Jia
Lu, Mengji
Yang, Dongliang
Dittmer, Ulf
Trilling, Mirko
Deng, Fei
Zheng, Xin
Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title_full Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title_fullStr Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title_full_unstemmed Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title_short Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset
title_sort declining levels of neutralizing antibodies against sars-cov-2 in convalescent covid-19 patients one year post symptom onset
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8242354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34220870
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.708523
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