The resurgence of currency mismatches: Emerging market economies are not out of the woods yet?

The emerging market economies (EMEs) are experiencing significant financial distress due to the rapid accumulation of foreign currency-denominated debt in recent years. We develop the foreign exposure indicators such as original sin and currency mismatches using a novel data set. Our computations suggest that Latin American economies suffer from the original sin problem, followed by Central European countries. We find a higher degree of currency mismatches in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Poland, Mexico, and Turkey. The resurgence of currency mismatches and the Covid-19 pandemic is a stress test for monetary policy frameworks. We find that country’s size, inflation volatility, and exchange rate depreciation cause currency mismatches. We show that the currency mismatch and original sin problem are lower in countries following de-dollarization policies such as limiting debt exposure, effective monetary and fiscal policies, better institutional quality, and export openness. The EMEs need to adopt policies to control currency mismatches, which are consistent with their growth-oriented policies. We suggest the independence of monetary policy, the implementation of macroprudential policies, and the development of offshore bond markets in a local currency. These policies control currency mismatches without changing the growth orientation of the EMEs. South Africa, Hungary, and Asian economies hold lessons for EMEs in controlling currency mismatches.