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Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs

Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon to a premature termination codon (PTC) generally through a single‐nucleotide substitution. The generation of a PTC results in a defective truncated protein and often in severe forms of disease. Because of the exceedingly high prevalence of nonsense‐assoc...

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Autores principales: Porter, Joseph J., Heil, Christina S., Lueck, John D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8244042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33567469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1641
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author Porter, Joseph J.
Heil, Christina S.
Lueck, John D.
author_facet Porter, Joseph J.
Heil, Christina S.
Lueck, John D.
author_sort Porter, Joseph J.
collection PubMed
description Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon to a premature termination codon (PTC) generally through a single‐nucleotide substitution. The generation of a PTC results in a defective truncated protein and often in severe forms of disease. Because of the exceedingly high prevalence of nonsense‐associated diseases and a unifying mechanism, there has been a concerted effort to identify PTC therapeutics. Most clinical trials for PTC therapeutics have been conducted with small molecules that promote PTC read through and incorporation of a near‐cognate amino acid. However, there is a need for PTC suppression agents that recode PTCs with the correct amino acid while being applicable to PTC mutations in many different genomic landscapes. With these characteristics, a single therapeutic will be able to treat several disease‐causing PTCs. In this review, we will focus on the use of nonsense suppression technologies, in particular, suppressor tRNAs (sup‐tRNAs), as possible therapeutics for correcting PTCs. Sup‐tRNAs have many attractive qualities as possible therapeutic agents although there are knowledge gaps on their function in mammalian cells and technical hurdles that need to be overcome before their promise is realized. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > tRNA Processing. Translation > Translation Regulation.
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spelling pubmed-82440422021-07-02 Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs Porter, Joseph J. Heil, Christina S. Lueck, John D. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA Overview Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon to a premature termination codon (PTC) generally through a single‐nucleotide substitution. The generation of a PTC results in a defective truncated protein and often in severe forms of disease. Because of the exceedingly high prevalence of nonsense‐associated diseases and a unifying mechanism, there has been a concerted effort to identify PTC therapeutics. Most clinical trials for PTC therapeutics have been conducted with small molecules that promote PTC read through and incorporation of a near‐cognate amino acid. However, there is a need for PTC suppression agents that recode PTCs with the correct amino acid while being applicable to PTC mutations in many different genomic landscapes. With these characteristics, a single therapeutic will be able to treat several disease‐causing PTCs. In this review, we will focus on the use of nonsense suppression technologies, in particular, suppressor tRNAs (sup‐tRNAs), as possible therapeutics for correcting PTCs. Sup‐tRNAs have many attractive qualities as possible therapeutic agents although there are knowledge gaps on their function in mammalian cells and technical hurdles that need to be overcome before their promise is realized. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > tRNA Processing. Translation > Translation Regulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021-02-10 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8244042/ /pubmed/33567469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1641 Text en © 2021 The Authors. WIREs RNA published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Overview
Porter, Joseph J.
Heil, Christina S.
Lueck, John D.
Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title_full Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title_fullStr Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title_short Therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs
title_sort therapeutic promise of engineered nonsense suppressor trnas
topic Overview
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8244042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33567469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1641
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