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Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: There is much debate regarding the source/quality of dietary proteins in supporting indices of skeletal muscle anabolism. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of protein source/quality on acute muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and changes in...

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Autores principales: Morgan, Paul T, Harris, Dane O, Marshall, Ryan N, Quinlan, Jonathan I, Edwards, Sophie J, Allen, Sophie L, Breen, Leigh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8245874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33851213
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab055
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author Morgan, Paul T
Harris, Dane O
Marshall, Ryan N
Quinlan, Jonathan I
Edwards, Sophie J
Allen, Sophie L
Breen, Leigh
author_facet Morgan, Paul T
Harris, Dane O
Marshall, Ryan N
Quinlan, Jonathan I
Edwards, Sophie J
Allen, Sophie L
Breen, Leigh
author_sort Morgan, Paul T
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There is much debate regarding the source/quality of dietary proteins in supporting indices of skeletal muscle anabolism. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of protein source/quality on acute muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and changes in lean body mass (LBM) and strength, when combined with resistance exercise (RE). METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies that compared the effects of ≥2 dose-matched, predominantly isolated protein sources of varying “quality.” Three separate models were employed as follows: 1) protein feeding alone on MPS, 2) protein feeding combined with a bout of RE on MPS, and 3) protein feeding combined with longer-term resistance exercise training (RET) on LBM and strength. Further subgroup analyses were performed to compare the effects of protein source/quality between young and older adults. A total of 27 studies in young (18–35 y) and older (≥60 y) adults were included. RESULTS: Analysis revealed an effect favoring higher-quality protein for postprandial MPS at rest [mean difference (MD): 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.021; P < 0.001] and following RE (MD: 0.022%/h; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.030; P < 0.00001) in young (model 1: 0.016%/h; 95% CI: −0.004, 0.036; P = 0.12; model 2: 0.030%/h; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.045; P < 0.0001) and older (model 1: 0.012%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.018; P < 0.001; model 2: 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.021; P < 0.001) adults. However, although higher protein quality was associated with superior strength gains with RET [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.24 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.45; P = 0.03)], no effect was observed on changes to LBM (SMD: 0.05 kg; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.25; P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: The current review suggests that protein quality may provide a small but significant impact on indices of muscle protein anabolism in young and older adults. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the importance of protein source/quality on musculoskeletal aging, particularly in situations of low protein intake.
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spelling pubmed-82458742021-07-02 Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Morgan, Paul T Harris, Dane O Marshall, Ryan N Quinlan, Jonathan I Edwards, Sophie J Allen, Sophie L Breen, Leigh J Nutr Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition BACKGROUND: There is much debate regarding the source/quality of dietary proteins in supporting indices of skeletal muscle anabolism. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of protein source/quality on acute muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and changes in lean body mass (LBM) and strength, when combined with resistance exercise (RE). METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies that compared the effects of ≥2 dose-matched, predominantly isolated protein sources of varying “quality.” Three separate models were employed as follows: 1) protein feeding alone on MPS, 2) protein feeding combined with a bout of RE on MPS, and 3) protein feeding combined with longer-term resistance exercise training (RET) on LBM and strength. Further subgroup analyses were performed to compare the effects of protein source/quality between young and older adults. A total of 27 studies in young (18–35 y) and older (≥60 y) adults were included. RESULTS: Analysis revealed an effect favoring higher-quality protein for postprandial MPS at rest [mean difference (MD): 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.021; P < 0.001] and following RE (MD: 0.022%/h; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.030; P < 0.00001) in young (model 1: 0.016%/h; 95% CI: −0.004, 0.036; P = 0.12; model 2: 0.030%/h; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.045; P < 0.0001) and older (model 1: 0.012%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.018; P < 0.001; model 2: 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.021; P < 0.001) adults. However, although higher protein quality was associated with superior strength gains with RET [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.24 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.45; P = 0.03)], no effect was observed on changes to LBM (SMD: 0.05 kg; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.25; P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: The current review suggests that protein quality may provide a small but significant impact on indices of muscle protein anabolism in young and older adults. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the importance of protein source/quality on musculoskeletal aging, particularly in situations of low protein intake. Oxford University Press 2021-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8245874/ /pubmed/33851213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab055 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
spellingShingle Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition
Morgan, Paul T
Harris, Dane O
Marshall, Ryan N
Quinlan, Jonathan I
Edwards, Sophie J
Allen, Sophie L
Breen, Leigh
Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort protein source and quality for skeletal muscle anabolism in young and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8245874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33851213
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab055
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