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Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice
The perifornical area of the hypothalamus has been known as the center for the defense response, or fight-or-flight response, which is characterized by a concomitant rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. It is well established that orexin neurons, which are located...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00818-2 |
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author | Yamashita, Akira Moriya, Shunpei Nishi, Ryusei Kaminosono, Jun Yamanaka, Akihiro Kuwaki, Tomoyuki |
author_facet | Yamashita, Akira Moriya, Shunpei Nishi, Ryusei Kaminosono, Jun Yamanaka, Akihiro Kuwaki, Tomoyuki |
author_sort | Yamashita, Akira |
collection | PubMed |
description | The perifornical area of the hypothalamus has been known as the center for the defense response, or fight-or-flight response, which is characterized by a concomitant rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. It is well established that orexin neurons, which are located in this region, play a critical role in this response. In this study, we further examined this role by recording orexin neuronal activity and heart rate in freely moving mice using an original dual-channel fiber photometry system in vivo. Analysis of orexin neuron activity in relation to autonomic responses to aversive stimuli revealed a rapid increase in neuronal activity just prior to changes in heart rate. In addition, we examined whether orexin neurons would be activated by a conditioned neutral sound that was previously associated with aversive stimulus. We show that the memory of the aversive stimulus activated orexin neurons and increased heart rate. Our data suggest that orexin neurons are a key component linking aversive emotions to autonomic defense response. Our data also suggest that targeting orexin neurons may enable treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with chronic stress and traumatic memories. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8247171 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82471712021-07-06 Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice Yamashita, Akira Moriya, Shunpei Nishi, Ryusei Kaminosono, Jun Yamanaka, Akihiro Kuwaki, Tomoyuki Mol Brain Research The perifornical area of the hypothalamus has been known as the center for the defense response, or fight-or-flight response, which is characterized by a concomitant rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. It is well established that orexin neurons, which are located in this region, play a critical role in this response. In this study, we further examined this role by recording orexin neuronal activity and heart rate in freely moving mice using an original dual-channel fiber photometry system in vivo. Analysis of orexin neuron activity in relation to autonomic responses to aversive stimuli revealed a rapid increase in neuronal activity just prior to changes in heart rate. In addition, we examined whether orexin neurons would be activated by a conditioned neutral sound that was previously associated with aversive stimulus. We show that the memory of the aversive stimulus activated orexin neurons and increased heart rate. Our data suggest that orexin neurons are a key component linking aversive emotions to autonomic defense response. Our data also suggest that targeting orexin neurons may enable treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with chronic stress and traumatic memories. BioMed Central 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8247171/ /pubmed/34193206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00818-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Yamashita, Akira Moriya, Shunpei Nishi, Ryusei Kaminosono, Jun Yamanaka, Akihiro Kuwaki, Tomoyuki Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title | Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title_full | Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title_fullStr | Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title_short | Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
title_sort | aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00818-2 |
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