The effect of common variants in GDF5 gene on the susceptibility to chronic postsurgical pain

BACKGROUND: The growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene regulates the growth of neuronal axons and dendrites and plays a role in the inflammatory response and tissue damage. The gene may also be associated with chronic postsurgical pain. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between SNPs in the GDF5 gene and orthopedic chronic postsurgical pain in Han Chinese population based on a case-control study. METHODS: We genotyped 8 SNPs within GDF5 gene in 1048 surgical patients with chronic postsurgical pain as the case group and 2062 surgical patients who were pain free as the control group. SNP and haplotypic analyses were performed, and stratified analyses were conducted to determine the correlations between significant SNPs and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Only rs143384 in the 5′UTR of GDF5 was identified as significantly associated with increased susceptibility to chronic postsurgical pain, and the risk of A allele carriers was increased approximately 1.35-fold compared with that of G allele carriers. Haplotypes AGG and GGG in the LD block rs143384-rs224335-rs739329 also showed similar association patterns. Furthermore, we found that rs143384 was significantly correlated with chronic postsurgical pain in the subgroup aged ≤ 61 years, subgroup with a BMI ≤ 26, subgroup with no-smoking or no pain history, and subgroup with a drinking history. CONCLUSION: Our study provided supportive evidence that genetic variations in the GDF5 gene are potential genetic factors that can increase the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in the Han Chinese population, but further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02549-5.