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Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years. OBJECTIVES: To establish t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249504 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11649 |
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author | Orsango, Alemselam Zebdewos Habtu, Wossene Lejisa, Tadesse Loha, Eskindir Lindtjørn, Bernt Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S. |
author_facet | Orsango, Alemselam Zebdewos Habtu, Wossene Lejisa, Tadesse Loha, Eskindir Lindtjørn, Bernt Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S. |
author_sort | Orsango, Alemselam Zebdewos |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years. OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue(®)301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl. Ferritin was adjusted for inflammation based on CRP concentration and low ferritin concentration defined as adjusted ferritin concentration <12 µg/L. IDA was considered when a child had both hemoglobin level <11g/dl and low ferritin concentration. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with IDA and iron-rich food consumption. RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0–1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2–1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods. CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women’s education. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8247708 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82477082021-07-08 Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study Orsango, Alemselam Zebdewos Habtu, Wossene Lejisa, Tadesse Loha, Eskindir Lindtjørn, Bernt Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S. PeerJ Epidemiology BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years. OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue(®)301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl. Ferritin was adjusted for inflammation based on CRP concentration and low ferritin concentration defined as adjusted ferritin concentration <12 µg/L. IDA was considered when a child had both hemoglobin level <11g/dl and low ferritin concentration. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with IDA and iron-rich food consumption. RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0–1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2–1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods. CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women’s education. PeerJ Inc. 2021-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8247708/ /pubmed/34249504 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11649 Text en © 2021 Orsango et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Epidemiology Orsango, Alemselam Zebdewos Habtu, Wossene Lejisa, Tadesse Loha, Eskindir Lindtjørn, Bernt Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S. Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title | Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title_full | Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title_short | Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
title_sort | iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study |
topic | Epidemiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249504 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11649 |
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