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Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by saliva and is a major cause of cancer, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. Here, we describe the frequency and quantity of EBV detection in the saliva of Ugandan adults with and without HIV-1 infection and use these data to develop a novel mathemat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34153032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009072 |
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author | Byrne, Catherine M. Johnston, Christine Orem, Jackson Okuku, Fred Huang, Meei-Li Rahman, Habibur Wald, Anna Corey, Lawrence Schiffer, Joshua T. Casper, Corey Coombs, Daniel Gantt, Soren |
author_facet | Byrne, Catherine M. Johnston, Christine Orem, Jackson Okuku, Fred Huang, Meei-Li Rahman, Habibur Wald, Anna Corey, Lawrence Schiffer, Joshua T. Casper, Corey Coombs, Daniel Gantt, Soren |
author_sort | Byrne, Catherine M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by saliva and is a major cause of cancer, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. Here, we describe the frequency and quantity of EBV detection in the saliva of Ugandan adults with and without HIV-1 infection and use these data to develop a novel mathematical model of EBV infection in the tonsils. Eligible cohort participants were not taking antiviral medications, and those with HIV-1 infection had a CD4 count >200 cells/mm(3). Over a 4-week period, participants provided daily oral swabs that we analysed for the presence and quantity of EBV. Compared with HIV-1 uninfected participants, HIV-1 coinfected participants had an increased risk of EBV detection in their saliva (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10–1.47) and higher viral loads in positive samples. We used these data to develop a stochastic, mechanistic mathematical model that describes the dynamics of EBV, infected cells, and immune response within the tonsillar epithelium to analyse potential factors that may cause EBV infection to be more severe in HIV-1 coinfected participants. The model, fit using Approximate Bayesian Computation, showed high fidelity to daily oral shedding data and matched key summary statistics. When evaluating how model parameters differed among participants with and without HIV-1 coinfection, results suggest HIV-1 coinfected individuals have higher rates of B cell reactivation, which can seed new infection in the tonsils and lower rates of an EBV-specific immune response. Subsequently, both these traits may explain higher and more frequent EBV detection in the saliva of HIV-1 coinfected individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8248743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82487432021-07-09 Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads Byrne, Catherine M. Johnston, Christine Orem, Jackson Okuku, Fred Huang, Meei-Li Rahman, Habibur Wald, Anna Corey, Lawrence Schiffer, Joshua T. Casper, Corey Coombs, Daniel Gantt, Soren PLoS Comput Biol Research Article Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by saliva and is a major cause of cancer, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. Here, we describe the frequency and quantity of EBV detection in the saliva of Ugandan adults with and without HIV-1 infection and use these data to develop a novel mathematical model of EBV infection in the tonsils. Eligible cohort participants were not taking antiviral medications, and those with HIV-1 infection had a CD4 count >200 cells/mm(3). Over a 4-week period, participants provided daily oral swabs that we analysed for the presence and quantity of EBV. Compared with HIV-1 uninfected participants, HIV-1 coinfected participants had an increased risk of EBV detection in their saliva (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10–1.47) and higher viral loads in positive samples. We used these data to develop a stochastic, mechanistic mathematical model that describes the dynamics of EBV, infected cells, and immune response within the tonsillar epithelium to analyse potential factors that may cause EBV infection to be more severe in HIV-1 coinfected participants. The model, fit using Approximate Bayesian Computation, showed high fidelity to daily oral shedding data and matched key summary statistics. When evaluating how model parameters differed among participants with and without HIV-1 coinfection, results suggest HIV-1 coinfected individuals have higher rates of B cell reactivation, which can seed new infection in the tonsils and lower rates of an EBV-specific immune response. Subsequently, both these traits may explain higher and more frequent EBV detection in the saliva of HIV-1 coinfected individuals. Public Library of Science 2021-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8248743/ /pubmed/34153032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009072 Text en © 2021 Byrne et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Byrne, Catherine M. Johnston, Christine Orem, Jackson Okuku, Fred Huang, Meei-Li Rahman, Habibur Wald, Anna Corey, Lawrence Schiffer, Joshua T. Casper, Corey Coombs, Daniel Gantt, Soren Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title | Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title_full | Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title_fullStr | Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title_full_unstemmed | Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title_short | Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
title_sort | examining the dynamics of epstein-barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of hiv-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34153032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009072 |
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